Pentecostal History Essay

The largest and the most important religious movement to originate from the United States is the Pentecostal Movement. It is considered as the fourth force in Christendom alongside Catholicism, Protestantism, and Orthodox, and its exponential growth rate in terms of adherents is testimony to its appeal. The Charismatic Renewal Movement has some of its roots in historic Pentecostalism, and it is now deeply entrenched in most of the mainline Protestant denominations, in Catholicism, and in some Orthodox. In the 21st Century, the total adherents of Pentecostals and Charismatics probably exceed the combined numbers of Protestants and Orthodox. Pentecostal statistics show a total adherent base of 400 million in 1993,including the 200 million members designated as nominational Pentecostals and 200 million Charismatics in the main Protestant denominations and Catholicism. â€Å"When the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place. And suddenly a sound came from heaven like the rush of a mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. And there appeared to them tongues as of fire, distributed and resting on each one of them†(Garnett 1987) The Acts of the Apostles, 2:1-3 (Cox 1995) Background History Adherents of Pentecostalism take their name from an incident recounted in Chapter two of the Acts of the Apostles. The story describes how the confused followers of a recently crucified Rabbi whom they all believed to be the messiah of the world, had gathered to mark the fiftieth day after Passover. Suddenly there was a heavenly sound â€Å"like the rush of a mighty wind. † The Holy Spirit filled them, tongues â€Å"as of fire† crowned their heads, and surprisingly they could understand each other’s language although the gathering comprised people from many different countries and different linguistic affinities. Apparently, the ancient curse of Babel had been reversed and that God was creating a new inclusive human community in which â€Å"Parthians and Medes and Elamites and residents of Mesopotamia† could all live together. Origins of the Pentecostal Faith The first Pentecost appeared on the scene in 1901 in Topeka, Kansas in a Bible school conducted by Charles Fox Parham, a holiness teacher and former Methodist pastor. There exists considerable controversy about the origins and timings of Parham’s emphasis on glossolalia; there is general agreement amongst historians that the movement was initiated in the first days of 1901, in the beginning of the Twentieth Century. One of Parham’s Bible School students Agnes Ozman , was the first person to be baptized in the Holy Spirit and she thereafter began speaking in different tongues on the very first day of the new century on January 1, 1901. According to J. Roswell Flower, the founding Secretary of the Assemblies of God, Ozman’s experience was the â€Å"touch felt round the world,† an event which â€Å"made the Pentecostal Movement of the Twentieth Century. Due to the Topeka Pentecost, Parham postulated the doctrine that tongues (glossolalia) was the biblical evidence of the baptism in the Holy Spirit and that it a was a supernatural ability endowed for the purpose of world evangelization. Glossolalia is an experiential phenomenon of an ecstatic, altered state of consciousness, in which â€Å"orgiastic techniques are cultivated to achieve ecstasy in the belief that unusual psychological and physical states are synonymous† with Spirit-possession. He added that since missionaries had the ability to speak in any language, they need not learn any new language for the purpose of evangelical preaching. Armed with this new theology, Parham founded a church movement which he called the â€Å"Apostolic Faith† and began a whirlwind revival tour of the American Middle West to promote his exciting new experience. â€Å"saw an angel coming down from heaven With the key to the abyss and a great Chain in his hand. He seized the dragon and chained him up for a thousand years So that he might not seduce the nations until the thousand years were over†. Revelation 20:1-3 â€Å"Fed by broken packing cases and discarded wrapping paper the fire quickly spread from the boarded-up Casino to the empty Music Hall. From there sparks flew through the arctic night to the roofs of the exposition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Cox 1995). Prophecy of the Pentecost Traditionally, Americans have always had a strong dose of millenium drilled in to them, covering the time the puritans landed in New England to the revival preachers who traveled the Midwest on horseback, they were continually being told that the last stages of history was unfolding and that America would play a major role in the grand finale. Going in to the 20th century, prophecies and speculations regarding a new Pentecost and a New Jerusalem were rife. And in the last days it shall be, God declares, That I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh† Acts of the Apostles 2:17-19 â€Å"The fire from heaven descended on April 9, 1906, on a small band of black domestic servants and custodial employees gathered for prayer in a wooden bungalow at 214 North Bonnie Brae Avenue in Los Angeles, California†¦. †(Cox 1995) Pastor at Azusa Street Seymour who had learned the tongues-attested baptism in a Bible school that Parham conducted in Houston, Texas in 1905 was invited to pastor a black holiness church in Los Angeles in 1906. Seymour opened the historic meeting in April, 1906 in a former African Methodist Episcopal (AME) church building at 312 Azusa Street in downtown Los Angeles. The happenings at Azusa have fascinated church historians for decades and have never been fully understood or explained (Wackman 1994). For three years thereafter, the Azusa Street â€Å"Apostolic Faith Mission† conducted three services a day, seven days a week, where thousands of seekers received the tongues baptism. Word of the revival was spread abroad through The Apostolic Faith, a paper that Seymour sent free of charge to some 50,000 subscribers. From Azusa Street Pentecostalism spread rapidly around the world and began its advance toward becoming a major force in Christendom. The Azusa Street movement seems to have been a merger of white American holiness religion with worship styles derived from the African-American Christian tradition which had developed since the days of chattel slavery in the South. The expressive worship and praise at Azusa Street, which included shouting and dancing, had been common among Appalachian whites as well as Southern blacks. The admixture of tongues and other charisms with black music and worship styles created a new and indigenous form of Pentecostalism that was to prove extremely attractive to disinherited and deprived people, both in America and other nations of the world(MacRoberts 1988). â€Å"Pentecost has come to Los Angeles, the American Jerusalem. Every sect, creed and doctrine under heaven†¦ as well as every nation is represented. †(Frank Bartleman,1906). The Inter racial Aspect The interracial mingling at the congregations was a stark contrast to the existing racial tensions and segregations of the times. The interracial aspects of the movement in Los Angeles were a striking exception to the racism and segregation of the times. The phenomenon of blacks and whites worshipping together under a black pastor seemed incredible to many observers. The event also cemented William Seymour’s place as not only the most influential black leader in American History, but also as a co-founder of world Pentecostalism(Deyoung et al 2003). â€Å"This is the work of God, and cannot be stopped. While our enemies scold, we pray and the fire burns† Household of God, Nov. 1907 Spread of Pentecostal The Azusa Street movement in 1906, led by the African-American preacher William Joseph Seymour provided the much needed impetus for the spread of the Pentecostal faith, which until then had not really captured popular imagination. The first wave of â€Å"Azusa pilgrims† journeyed throughout the United States spreading the Pentecostal fire, primarily in holiness churches, missions, and camp meetings. In America Gaston Barnabas Cashwell of North Carolina, who spoke in tongues in 1906 was one of the Azusa Pilgrims, whose six-month preaching tour of the South in 1907 resulted in major inroads among southern holiness folk. Under his ministry, Cashwell saw several holiness denominations swept into the new movement, including the Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee), the Pentecostal Holiness Church, the Fire-Baptized Holiness Church, and the Pentecostal Free-Will Baptist Church. Also in 1906, Charles Harrison Mason ,upon his return to Memphis from Azusa Street, spread the Pentecostal fire in the Church of God in Christ. The Church he founded comprised African-Americans only one generation removed from slavery. (The parents of both Seymour and Mason had been born as southern slaves). Although tongues caused a split in the church in 1907, the Church of God in Christ experienced such explosive growth that by 1993, it was by far the largest Pentecostal denomination in North America, claiming some 5,500,000 members in 15,300 local churches. Another Azusa pilgrim was William H. Durham of Chicago. After receiving his tongues experience at Azusa Street in 1907, he returned to Chicago, where he led thousands of mid-western Americans and Canadians into the Pentecostal movement. In 1914, he established the Assemblies of God, which by 1993 had over 2,000,000 members in the U.  S. and some 25,000,000 adherents in 150 nations of the world. Conclusion The Pentecostal Movement has proved to be a major force in Christendom throughout the world with unprecedented exponential growth of adherents. By the Nineties, The Pentecostals and their charismatic brothers and sisters in the mainline Protestant and Catholic churches had turned their energy and resources to world evangelization. The future will reveal the ultimate results of this movement which has greatly impacted the world during the Twentieth Century.

Data Mining Essay

What is meant by the term â€Å"lift†? The term â€Å"lift† describes the improved performance of an exact or specific amount of effort on a modeled sampling, as opposed to a random sampling (Spang, 2010). In other words, if you are able to market via a model to say, a given number of random customers (e.g. 1000), and we expect that 50 of them would be successful, then a model that can generate 75 successes would have a 50 percent lift. â€Å"Lift† is possibly the most commonly metric used to measure targeting model performance in marketing applications – the purpose of which, is to identify a subgroup or target from a larger population (Coppock, 2002 and Spang, 2010). The subgroup targeted or target members selected are those who are most likely to respond positively to a marketing offer. As such, the model is doing well if as predicted – the response within the targeted section is much better than average when compared to the population as a whole. Lift then, is simply the ratio of these values: target response divided by average response (Coppock, 2002). â€Å"Lift Charts† and â€Å"Lift Curves† are terms often seen in direct marketing. To quickly define them here – a lift curve is a popular technique which assigns a â€Å"probability of responding† score when used in an attempt to determine who the likely responders from a population are. â€Å"The lift curve helps us determine how effectively we can â€Å"skim the cream† by selecting a relatively small number of cases and getting a relatively large portion of the responders† (Keating, 2013). A lift chart or a â€Å"Gains Chart† is a convenient summary of all the cumulative lift curves whereby all the information in these multiple classification matrices are turned into a graph (Keating, 2013 and Coppock, 2002). What is Customer Relationship Management (CRM)? â€Å"There is only one boss. The customer. And he can fire everybody in the company from the chairman on down, simply by spending his money somewhere else.† – Sam Walton (Founder of Wal-Mart) Customer Relationship Management or CRM is a â€Å"company-wide business strategy† which is generally designed with the intent to â€Å"reduce costs and increase profitability by solidifying customer satisfaction, loyalty and advocacy† (CRM Magazine, 2010). While once, it was regarded of as a type of software, today, CRM has evolved into a â€Å"customer-centric philosophy that must permeate an entire organization† (CRM Magazine, 2010).   In other words, it is not a new concept but as the quote above by Sam Walton suggests – an extremely important one that can and should be instinctively employed to all businesses to ensure returning and new clientele. We may perhaps think of CRM in its most basic, common and best known form as â€Å"customer services† or simply, methodology employed to create happy customers. A true and effective CRM program revolves around three key elements – people, processes and technology (CRM Magazine, 2010). Targets within these elements that should be especially considered are individual applications, a data infrastructure to support them, and organizational changes to take full advantage of the technical upgrades (Goodhue et. al., 2002). Moreover, the CRM program should be bringing in information from all relevant data sources both within, and outside the organization when applicable. In doing so, a company is able to gain a â€Å"holistic view of each customer in real time† (CRM Magazine, 2010), thus allowing staff dealing directly with customers, for example, in the realms of customer support, sales and marketing – the ability to make informed yet quick decisions on everything from cross-selling and upselling to target marketing strategies and competitive positioning tactics (Info Entrepreneurs, 2013 and CRM Magazine, 2010). A working example of how CRM could be achieved may be through: discovering the purchasing habits, opinions, needs and preferences of one’s customers; then profiling the individuals and groups researched so marketing can be executed more effectively, thus increasing sales. Finally, by combining this information found with good customer services and satisfaction – customer relationships which are the heart of business success, can be appropriately and effectively fostered, then maintained and ultimately managed for efficiency and profitability. While there are many technical and technological components to CRM, thinking about CRM as primarily a strategy to learn about the needs and behaviors of customers in an effort to create, develop and strengthen relationships with them may prove to be more helpful overall and in the long term. Additionally, it should be thought of as a process bringing together information concerning customers, sales, marketing effectiveness, responsiveness and marketing trends (Goodhue et. al., 2002 and Writing, 2013). Finally, for CRM to be truly effective, everyone in the organization from the CEO to the frontline staff and those behind the scenes need to get on board, involved and invested in the company`s program (Info Entrepreneurs, 2013; CRM Magazine, 2010; Writing, 2013 and Goodhue et. al., 2002). What are its benefits? Provide examples of potential benefits. To reiterate the above – benefiting from CRM is â€Å"not just a question of buying the right software. You must also adapt your business to the needs of your customers† (Info Entrepreneurs, 2013).   Having said that, after investing the time and expense in implementing a good CRM solution, there are many potential benefits, some being extremely significant and having a major impact on the establishment in question: −Development of better relationship with existing customers due to understanding and therefore addressing their specific requirements. −Increased sales and revenue through better timing gained via anticipating the customers’ needs based on historic trends. −Cross-selling of other products by leveraging the customer relationship. −Ability to identify the most profitable clientele. −Improved profitability through focusing on most profitable clients while dealing with less profitable clients in a more cost effective manner. −Better overall marketing of products or services. −More effective target marketing communications aimed specifically at customer needs. −An improved, more personal approach which can help win additional business in the future. −The development of new and / or improved products and services through better client feedback, complaints, comments and suggestions. −Reducing cost of sales and cost of new customer acquisition and generation by concentrating on customer retention, thus improving organization reputation and word-of-mouth recommendations. (Writing, 2013; Info Entrepreneurs, 2013 and Goodhue et. al., 2002). With respect to CRM systems, what does it mean if the system is â€Å"scalable†? A â€Å"scalable† system according to the Business Dictionary, is one whose â€Å"size, performance or number of users can be increased on demand without a penalty in cost or functionality†.   A secondary definition details that such a system is well designed enough to handle â€Å"proportionally very small to very large usage and service levels almost instantly, and with no significant drop in cost effectiveness, functionality, performance or reliability.† It goes on to add that scalable systems may generally utilize technologies such as automatic load balancing, clustering and parallel processing as a means to achieve the points listed above (Business Dictionary, 2013). With respect to CRM systems (and even data mining systems), both definitions apply with equal precision and aptness to scalability because scalability deals with not only the increasing size of data sets, but also how to process them within a useful timeframe. We can go so far as to concur that the issue of scalability in systems such as CRM are similar for performance scaling issues for Data Management in general (Piatetsky-Shapiro and Parker via Massa-Lochridge et. al., 2013). Ultimately, the scalable system is in the business of efficiency of analysis – and being able to do so with very large data sets (Olson and Shi, 2005). A system which is scalable is one which can aid in overall performance in the organization. In fact, scaling and performance are often considered together in both data mining and CRM systems (Massa-Lochridge et. al., 2013). To further emphasize and prove these points, we can look towards real life examples such as the Onyx checklist for scalability which sets the criteria as a customer management system deployed across the company that is able to support staff without any degradation in performance. Furthermore, the system must also be able to support thousands of users with sub-second response times. For it to be truly scalable, it needs to be a flexible CRM solution – preferably one which adheres to an industry standard architecture which can leverage existing infrastructure. This, coupled with efficiency and easiness of upgrading, will help to keep the total cost of ownership low now, and into the future (Onyx, 2013). Compare and contrast affinity positioning and cross-selling (minimum 500 words). Provide real life examples and personal experiences to substantiate this analysis. Affinity positioning is a marketing tactic that is defined exactly as its component words suggest – the practice of positioning or placing products that have a natural or inherent attraction or connection with each other, together. For example, a retail store may arrange their shop layout in such a way that there is a deliberate, close placement of complementary products on the shelves (Olson and Shi, 2005). Consider also, this potential real life situation where a retailer may have identified through perhaps, a Market Basket Analysis that customers who tend to buy cold medicine also have been observed to purchase tissues. Similarly, the buying of coffee makers may be strongly correlated with the purchase of ground coffee. It therefore makes sense from a marketing and profitability perspective to place both these items in each set, in close proximity to each other. Cross-selling is a related and resulting concept. Where there is knowledge of products that go together, one is able to use this information to create cross-selling opportunities through marketing the complementary product (Olson and Shi, 2005; Microstrategy, 2013; and Tsai, 2010). Apart from positioning products on shelves like a grocery store might do, retail stores for example, can be seen to rely upon advertising to create this connection within the purchaser`s mind.   A buyer of suits for instance, may notice the sale of shirts and ties from posters and advertising stands on shop windows and outside the door, respectively. In terms of technology, we may observe computer stores selling laptops while encouraging customers to purchase accessories or peripherals like casings, screen protectors and external hard drives concurrently. While both strategies have always been applied by the clever retailer, today data collection (e.g. generated from cash register data) and automated data mining tools provide them with a yet unmatched ability to even identify the less expected and less obvious product affinities and cross-selling possibilities. Sellers are now able to use current technology to look at customers’ purchase history and target marketing operations specifically to their individual and group needs and wants (Olson and Shi, 2005). A Customer Cross-Cell Analysis can be employed to identify customers who might be interested in purchasing complementary products and services to those which have already been bought previously (MicroStrategy, 2013). Indeed, sales and marketing managers have long relied on the cross-sell analysis to create more efficient marketing projects, thereby producing increased revenue with less resources through focused efforts. A customer cross-sell analysis typically begins with using data mining techniques and tools to determine which product pairs (product affinity) are frequently purchased by a significant number of customers. From here, an organization can then identify which customers bought one but not both products or services. By executing this second stage, we can now know who these customers are and hence target them specifically – thereby reducing total advertising campaign costs, increasing response rates and finally and most importantly, create increased sales (MicroStrategy, 2013; Olson and Shi, 2005; and Tsai, 2010). One point worth mentioning, is a separate but related concept to both affinity positioning and cross-selling, which is upselling (also often referred to as up-selling or up selling). This involves searching for opportunities to sell an improved, higher grade or generally more expensive â€Å"latest† product to the consumer. Going back to the example of the computer store, a staff member who tries to upsell to a new or returning customer may sing the praises of another, higher-end model of laptop which may have more features the client may find useful, thus hoping to create a more profitable sale. In my own, personal experience in a hospital setting – affinity positioning is seen for example, in the maternity ward where â€Å"New Mother† and â€Å"Baby Care Training† hospital sponsored classes or their adverts are held or displayed in an area close by, thus encouraging expecting women to come back to the hospital after delivery to take advantage of this value added service. In doing so, the hospital then creates a cross-selling opportunity by ensuring additional services such as pediatrician care for babies or postpartum care for mothers are clearly advertised via a targeted campaign. Finally, upselling is also seen in this ward via examples such as when staff offer mothers increased comfort and privacy with the option of upgrading shared rooms to private ones. Identify and discuss some potential ethical mishandling when it comes to cross-selling. Some of the more commonly known ethical issues to watch for in cross-selling, as well as in general marketing include but are not limited to: −Intentionally trying to sell sub-par goods or services to the client in a bid to create a sale, when aware of the quality deficiency. −Related to the above, is the deliberate misrepresentation of goods or services, in both cross-selling and otherwise. −Incessantly contacting existing or potential clients without consent in order to cross-sell products or services. −The refusal to respond to, acknowledge or correct customer complaints after a sale has taken place – be it cross-selling or initial sales. −An unclear privacy policy which may involve personal details being distributed or sold. −An unclear after sales policy which may involve the placement of deliberate loopholes for the sellers to have an advantage. Again, this point can be attributed to both regular sales and cross-selling issues. With regards to issues more specific to cross-selling, research has revealed that certain service sectors may be affected by ethical mishandlings and / or concerns more than others. In particular, it is revealed that situations regarding cross selling in hospitals; situations to do with plastic surgery; and cross-selling targeted towards the elderly, have all been widely discussed in recent years and may be cause for action. With respect to cross-selling in hospitals, an example which can be seen is that ethical issues often arise when medicine, equipment or medical product reps all too easily ignore or forget that they are supposed to have the hospital’s, doctor’s, medical staff’s and patient’s needs at heart – attempting to create sales based on the pharmaceutical companies’ incentives and profit margins instead. When this happens: It ignores the necessity of consultative selling, which involves proper questioning techniques. It fails to connect the customer on a value level. In essence, it’s not selling at all; it’s simply peddling! (Francis, 2008). The literature available also suggests that there have been events with respect to aesthetic plastic surgery which again raise the question of ethics mishandling and cross-selling. Concerns here include examples such as cross-selling and â€Å"bundling† cosmetic surgery and procedures as attractive package deals – whether they be necessary or not (Fatah, 2011), or the rise of incidences such as patients having undergone breast implant removals or replacements being â€Å"bullied† or pressured into buying additional surgery such as nipple lifts (mastopexy). In addition, these cross-selling strategies may be coupled with other marketing tactics such as time-limited offers from their clinics, resulting in anxiety and customers feeling the need to respond instead of taking time out to heal after surgery (BAAPS, 2012). Finally, in terms of targeting the elderly for cross-selling certain products and services which may be deemed unethical – one may wish to consider the â€Å"unethical and dishonest conduct† of promoting and selling expensive annuities to elderly customers, the market targeting done here because the elderly may be seen as â€Å"easy targets† (Litterick, 2005). There have been cases of banks which have been accused employing cross-selling practices such as referring existing, elderly customers who come in for separate bank services, to stockbrokers who in turn sold them variable annuities that are often considered unsuitable for older people because they can be â€Å"expensive and do not pay out quickly† (Litterick, 2005). This was often found to be due to the fact that service staff were receiving incentives for doing so. In response to such cases, Banner (2011), maintains that: â€Å"Improper cross-selling – cross-selling of products to earn a fee or a commission that does not truly benefit the client’s quality of life on a long-term basis – is wrong, unethical and immoral† (Banner, 2011). He does go on to ascertain however, that the cross-selling of a product or service which truly is suitable to them – meaning to say it can benefit and / or protect the client appropriately, is well worth considering (Banner, 2011). As a final note on the ethics of cross-selling, to avoid ethical dilemmas and mishandling, it is prudent to keep in mind often that the key to effective cross-selling can be boiled down to mutual benefit on the parts of both the selling and buying parties, and suitability, suitability, suitability! (Banner, 2011; Francis, 2008 and NRMLA, 2008). References BAAPS – The British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (2012, February 10). Cross-selling to breast implant scandal victims ‘immoral’. The British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons. Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://www.baaps.org.uk/about-us/press-releases/1136-cross-selling-to-breast-implant-scandal-victimes-immoral Banner, M. (2011, May). Originating: Living at Home Brings Peace of Mind. The Reverse Review. Retrieved from http://www.reversereview.com/magazine/3862-living-at-home-brings-peace-of-mind.html Business Dictionary (2013). What is scalable? Definition and meaning. In BusinessDictionary.com – Online Business Dictionary. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/scalable.html Coppock, D. S. (2002, June 21). Why Lift? Information Management. Retrieved February 24, 2013, from http://www.information-management.com/news/5329-1.html CRM Magazine (2010, February 19). What Is CRM? – CRM Mag azine. destinationCRM.com – The leading resource for Customer Relationship Management – from the editors of CRM magazine. Retrieved February 24, 2013, from http://www.destinationcrm.com/Articles/CRM-News/Daily-News/What-Is-CRM-46033.aspx Fatah, F. (2011, May 5). BBC News – ‘A little lipo with your facial, madam?’. BBC – Homepage. Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-13228094 Francis, P. T. (2008). Cross-Selling Your Hospital’s Capabilities. Clinical Laboratory Sales Training with Peter Francis. Retrieved February 26, 2013, from http://www.clinlabsales.com/pdf/Cross-Selling-092508.pdf Goodhue, D. L., Wixom, B. H., & Watson, H. J. (2002). Realizing Business Benefits through CRM: Hitting the Target in the Right Way. MIS Quarterly Executive, 1(2), 79

Computer and Long Distance Education

Computer and our life Importance of computer: Computer is an important machine in our life. Without computer our life is nothing. We need to use it in every sector of our life. What type of work sector that is we are using computer. It makes our job easier and simple. Computer creates a great opportunity for us. We are changing our life style quickly through computer. We are using it in education sector, medical sector, research and experimental job, designing, architectural designing, planning, public administration and etc. Computer changed our education system.We can learn through long distance education system. Now we do not need to go far from home to learn something. We can save our time and money by this. Without that we are able to get every service at home. Computer is also able to provide us another service. Now doctor can do operations through computer. It resumes risk for a patient. Doctors do not need to work more. Computer also helps us in research like educational, sci entific, medical and etc. Really, computer is a great invention of human life. Computer and communication: ————————————————-Without helping in our work we can communicate through computer. Now-a-days computer is the powerful communication media. Generally it communicates through network and internet is the well known network system. We can talk, chat, mail through computer. We can keep contract with international community by internet. E-mail is a blessing for us. We can communicate with anyone easily for e-mail. It is a cheapest communication in the world. We are doing corporate dealing through it. It plays a role in our economy. It makes our life easier. Without that we can do video chat trough internet.Facebook and other social sites are a blessing for us. By using of those we can make an international brotherhood. Without those facilities we are also sharing videos and other important things like as usual important information. We can read newspaper by internet. Newspaper also updating continuously and we can able to get news quickly. Simply internet is a fastest way to get information. It becomes a part of our life. Type of computer: There are many kind of computers. We use them in various works. They are given below: No. | Type of computer| Working ability| Using sectors| 1| Personal computer| Capable to do personal works. | Most of time using for personal works. | 02| Embedded computer | Do specific jobs. | 1. Microwave 2. Washing machine | 03| Network Servers| Do clients job, act like a server. | Internet browser | 04| Mainframe Computer | Capable to do sharing work. | 1. Bank 2. Insurance| 05| Mini computer | Mid ranger computer. | | 06| Super Computer| Able to do lots of job. | 1. Experimental jobs 2. Scientific jobs| H2O X2+2? +? +? c 32 °c TEXT 2 TEXT 1 1. PLABON I. VAI II. BOSS 2. ANDROID I. W 5 II. W10 * 5700TK 7000TK 3. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. * †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ * 456321 * 566986 * †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Computer is an important machine in our life. Without computer our life is nothing. We need to use it in every sector of our life. What type of work sector that is we are using computer. It makes our job easier and simple. Computer creates a great opportunity for us. We are changing our life style quickly through computer. We are using it in education sector, medical sector, research and experimental job, designing, architectural designing, planning, public administration and etc. Computer changed our education system.We can learn through long distance education system. Now we do not need to go far from home to learn something. We can save our time and money by this. Without that we are able to get every service at home. Computer is also able to provide us another service. Now doctor can do operations through computer. It resumes risk for a patient. Doctors do not need to work more. Computer also helps us i n research like educational, scientific, medical and etc. Really, computer is a great invention of human life Computer is an important machine in our life.Without computer our life is nothing. We need to use it in every sector of our life. What type of work sector that is we are using computer. It makes our job easier and simple. Computer creates a great opportunity for us. We are changing our life style quickly through computer. We are using it in education sector, medical sector, research and experimental job, designing, architectural designing, planning, public administration and etc. Computer changed our education system. We can learn through long distance education system.Now we do not need to go far from home to learn something. We can save our time and money by this. Without that we are able to get every service at home. Computer is also able to provide us another service. Now doctor can do operations through computer. It resumes risk for a patient. Doctors do not need to wor k more. Computer also helps us in research like educational, scientific, medical and etc. Really, computer is a great invention of human life http://www. search-document. com/doc/1/1/law-of-diminishing-marginal-utility. html

Accounting Precedures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accounting Precedures - Essay Example ethod of accounting in recording an income or revenue item records the transaction immediately once the said income or revenue is earned even it not yet realized in money (or cash).2 After there has already been a meeting of the minds between the customer who is the source of the income or revenue and the business entity that a sales deal has been closed, the business entity may already record the transaction. For instance, S is in the business of selling television sets and video recorders which are separately classified in the books of accounts. B orders for one television set and one video recorder respectively priced at 500 dollars and 300 dollars which will be paid in thirty days. S therefore issues a sales invoice for the transaction and delivers the chattels to B together with the accompanying delivery receipt. At that instant, S may record the sales transaction in the accounting books, particularly the sales-book or the sales journal, that is, 500 dollars for the sale of the television set and 300 dollars for the video recorder. Any increase in income or revenue (sale of the appliances here) has a corresponding increase in an asset. In the above illustration, the increase in asset pertains to the collectible in the total amount of 800 dollars (500 dollars plus 300 dollars). In accounting parlance, trade collectibles are commonly termed as accounts receivable. In the ledgers, 500 d ollars will be recorded as a credit item in the television set sales-book or sales journal, and 300 dollars will be recorded in the video recorder sales-book or sales journal likewise under the credit column. The total collectible in the amount of 800 dollars will be recorded in the accounts receivable ledger. This is precisely the essence of the accrual method of accounting. In short, the income or revenue has not yet been actually realized because no cash has yet been collected for the items sold and already delivered out. It is important to state at this point that hard copy

Retail Design and Retail Merchandising Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Retail Design and Retail Merchandising - Thesis Example The retail business group has been at the receiving end of numerous innovations that are being produced in the process of the evolution of architectural features. Foremost of these are those new technologies and theories that will help attract new and retain current customers for future business operations. In addition, the profile of the modern customer has also evolved and diversified, demanding more from their purchases and more from the establishment that they get these merchandises from. The offshoot is that retail specific features have become essential to creating a competitive edge over business rivals. Generally, the two major design components that a retailers store must focus on are i) the physical design of the interior (walls, structures, etc.) and ii) The design of a favorable environment for effective visual communications.(Retail Systems, n.d.) Thus a good retail unit must be able to create the synergy between technologies and design to achieve optimal delivery of consumer service and increased margins in the business. Some of the specific inventions in retail system designs are (i) reliable and secure systems based on efficient automation and (ii) environmentally friendly and cost effective solutions (Salvador, et al., 2006). Every retail store needs to address multiple aspects of design issues ranging from systems that ensure customer retention to the mechanisms that effectively monitor shoplifting and employee pilferage. The most basic aspect in providing a memorable shopping experience for the customer is keeping the store and its surroundings neat and clean. Though thorough maintenance is the least expensive method in attracting and retaining the customers, it is found to be the most difficult to effectively implement and maintain. The above facts highlights why lighting is crucial in the design of the retail

Describe and discuss the extent of racism and racial discrimination in Essay

Describe and discuss the extent of racism and racial discrimination in Britain - Essay Example In this context, the development of racial discrimination in Britain is continued; however, the fact that efforts for the control of the phenomenon are also in progress is quite encouraging, proving that the signs for the limitation of racism in Britain are positive, no matter if their results are made visible in the short or the long term. 2. Racism and racial discrimination in Britain background and extent 2.1 Overview of racism and racial discrimination in Britain Immigrants represent an important part of the British population. More specifically, it has been estimated that immigrants across Britain are 4.6 million – in a total population of 60 million (Morris et al. 2007). The research on the living conditions and the daily challenges of these people, revealed that many of them are likely to become ‘victim of a racially motivated crime’ (Easton 2006); in fact, it has been revealed that in 2004, 87,000 immigrants in Britain have faced such problem (Easton 2006) . The above number shows increasing trends; in 2005 the prosecutions for racially motivated offences showed an increase of 28% - compared to 2005 (Easton, 2006). It should be noted at this point that immigrants in Britain have a key influence on the country’s politics, being an important electoral body (McAllister 1984); however, it seems that they are not able of using their power – as described above – in order to secure their rights – reference is made primarily to health, employment and education. In order to identify and understand the extent of racial discrimination in Britain it would be necessary to refer primarily to the framework of discrimination, as developed in the particular country. The elements of discrimination in Britain are made clear through the definition provided by Blackstone et al. (1998). In accordance with the above definition ‘direct discrimination is defined as treating a person less favourably than others on racial groun ds’ (Blackstone et al. 1998, p.37). There is also the case of indirect discrimination which is described as an activity of setting a requirement to which the persons belonging in a particular race are most likely to be able to respond – compared to people belonging to a different race (Blackstone et al. 1998, p.37). The above descriptions, which have been presented by Blackstone as they are included in the Race Relations Act 1976, are particularly important in order to understand the level at which racial discrimination has been developed across Britain. In any case, it should be noted that the issue of racial discrimination in Britain is active for many years – having been started approximately at 1940s – with the pressure then for ‘the settlement of black people in the particular country’ (Rich 1990, p.142). 2.2 Racial discrimination in education, employment and housing Racial discrimination in Britain has many different aspects; it can be identified in the education, the housing and the employment of immigrants, as members of the population. Regarding the relationship between education and immigration, the following issues need to be highlighted: the existence of racism in certain social settings, as for example,

People in Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

People in Organisations - Essay Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"A process in which leader and followers interact in a way that enables the leader to influence the actions of the followers in a non-coercive way, towards the achievement of certain aims or objectives.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills. To inspire team members into attaining higher levels of teamwork, there are certain attributes that the team leader must have, certain things he should know, and, certain functions that he should perform. These do not come naturally to most of them, but are acquired through continuous analysis and study. Only those become good leaders who are continually WORKING and STUDYING to improve their leadership skills; they are NOT resting on their laurels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The present essay focuses on a team that has been consistently performing for some time now. Any organization’s management including the top-rung leadership and the individual teams must strive to achieve better results and aim for achieving higher objectives. No matter how well the team has been performing, it is necessary for any team to adopt such an approach because it helps in the development of a team in terms of both the performance as well as increased revenues for the company in the long run. .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Two basic things are necessary for any performing team, which is looking to improve its performance- Strategy and Tactics. Tom Peters in his book Thriving on Chaos, had said-â€Å"What have you done today to enhance (or at least insure against the decline of) the relative overall useful-skill level of your work force vis-à  -vis competitors†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With reference to a performing team, when Peters mentioned, "enhancing", he was speaking of the strategic plans that will help the team members