Common Plastics We Use Every Single Day

You probably do not realize the impact that the invention of plastic has had in your life. In just 60 short years, plastics popularity has grown considerably. This is largely due to just a few reasons. They can be easily molded into a wide range of products, and they offer benefits that other materials do not. How Many Types of Plastic Are There? You may think that plastic is just plastic, but there are actually about 45 different families of plastics. In addition, each of these families can be made with hundreds of different variations. By changing different molecular factors of the plastic, they can be made with different properties, including flexibility, transparency, durability, and more. Thermoset or Thermoplastics? Plastics can all be separated into two primary categories:Â  thermoset and thermoplastic. Thermoset plastics are those that when cooled and hardened retain their shape and cannot return to original form. Durability is a benefit meaning that they can be used for tires, auto parts, aircraft parts, and more. Thermoplastics are less hard than the thermosets. They can become soft when heated and can return to their original form. They are easily molded to be formed into fibers, packaging, and films. Polyethylene Most household plastic packaging is made from polyethylene. It comes in almost 1,000 different grades. Some of the most common household items are the plastic film, bottles, sandwich bags, and even types of piping. Polyethylene can also be found in some fabrics and in mylar as well. Polystyrene Polystyrene can form a harder, impact-resistant plastic that is used for cabinets, computer monitors, TVs, utensils, and glasses. If it is heated and the air is added to the mixture, it turns into what is called EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) also known by the Dow Chemical tradename, Styrofoam. This is a lightweight rigid foam that is used for insulation and for packaging. Polytetrafluoroethylene or Teflon This type of plastic was developed by DuPont in 1938. The benefits of it are that it is almost frictionless on the surface and it is a stable, strong, and is a heat-resistant type of plastic. It is most commonly used in products like bearings, film, plumbing tape, cookware, and tubing, as well as waterproof coatings and films. Polyvinyl Chloride or PVC This type of plastic is durable, non-corrosive, as well as affordable. This is why it is used for pipes and plumbing. It does have one downfall, however, and that is the fact that a plasticizer has to be added to make it soft and moldable and this substance may leach out of it over a long period of time, which makes it brittle and subject to breaking. Polyvinylidene Chloride or Saran This plastic is recognized by its ability to conform to the shape of a bowl or other item. It is used mainly for films and wraps that need to be impermeable to food odors. Saran wrap is one of the most popular wraps for storing food. Polyethylene LDPE and HDPE Perhaps the most common type of plastic is polyethylene. This plastic can be separated into two different types, including low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene. The differences in them make them ideal for different uses. For example, LDPE is soft and flexible, so it is used in garbage bags, films, wraps, bottles, and disposable gloves. HDPE is a harder plastic and is used mainly in containers, but was first introduced in the hula hoop. As you can tell, the world of plastics is quite large, and getting larger with the recycling of plastics. Learning more about the different types of plastic can enable you to see that this invention has had a strong impact on the world at large. From drinking bottles to sandwich bags to pipes to cookware and more, plastic is a big part of your everyday life, no matter what type of life you lead.

Essay on Import Substitution Industrialization - 1742 Words

Around the 1930s, Brazil and Latin American began following the process of Import Substitution Industrialization, which lasted until the end of the 1980s. The ISI policies devaluated the currency in order to boost exports and discourage imports, followed by adopting different exchange rates for goods (Watkins). ISI in Brazil had an interesting effect; it created a three-prong system of governmental, private, and foreign capital being directed at the infrastructure and heavy industry, manufacturing goods, and the production of durable goods. The program worked at first but then became a serious economic problem. When the 1980s came around Brazil realized that ISI policies lead to inefficient industries because of their lack of exposure to†¦show more content†¦This helped keep the inflation low and with the high interest rates, a lot of foreign capital began to flow into the country. The government’s actions in the military dictatorship made it difficult for Brazil to a ttract foreign capital however; the Government under the Real Plan had a strong focus on the balance of payments and tried to maintain a positive influx of capital into the nation by appeasing the international public and to improve the economy (Joffe-Watt). The Real Plan helped the economy so much that it began gaining value against the US currency, however in the late 1990s the currency began to devaluate. For the Real Plan to keep working the currency had to appreciate with the economy, this would assure a constant supply of foreign capital and products that maintained the market stable. Following the Real Plan, Brazil had a minor economic downturn but after 2002, the economy has been increasing at a steady pace. The economy was able to grow around 4% in 2000, however the issues in Argentina in 2001 and the uncertainty of whom the next president would be created a confidence crisis in the economy. However in 2002 when Luis Inà ¡cio Lula da Silva (Lula) won the election most of the issues about his presidency went thrown out because of his policies. Even though Lula had very liberal policies he began making Brazil lookShow MoreRelatedImport Substitution Industrialization And East Asian Model1354 Words   |  6 Pages Essay Import Substitution Industrialization and East Asian Model After the end of the World War II the world faced the challenges of economic and social recovery. The majority of developing countries based their economies on Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI), the state-oriented approach to a trade and economic policy. ISI supports the replacement of import with domestic production in order to reduce foreign dependency. This protectionist policy dominated in developing countries, especiallyRead MoreImport Substitution Industrialization And The East Asian Model1361 Words   |  6 Pages Essay Import Substitution Industrialization and the East Asian Model After the end of the World War II the world faced the challenges of economic and social recovery. The majority of developing countries based their economies on Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI), a state-oriented approach to a trade and economic policy. ISI supports the replacement of import with domestic production in order to reduce foreign dependency. This protectionist policy dominated in developing countries, especiallyRead MoreUnderstanding Latin Americas International and Economic Relations with Import Substitution Industrialization Model1546 Words   |  7 Pagesanalyzing the ISI (Import Substitution Industrialization) model, it’s benefits as well as its shortcomings, a small introduction of how it came to be and why must be provided. As a product of the 1930s economic crisis and wear and tear of the liberal model, ISI appears in Latin America as another economic option, proposed by ECLA (Economic Commission for Latin America, dependent of the UN) as a means of bringing Latin America out of stagnation and work towards industrialization to eliminate its dependencyRead MoreThe Post War Era Of Reconstruction1313 Words   |  6 Pagesapproach to economic thought was felt especially in the fledgling Latin American economies. Out of this thinking, a radical approach to increase the self sufficiency of these Latin American countries was embarked upon. The concept of Import Substitution Industrialization was pioneered to assist the Latin American countries into formulating an economy that can compete and build a better society for the citizens of their countries. The economic concept revolves around the idea of enhancing the local productionRead MoreThe Industrialization Of The World Trade Markets Essay741 Words   |  3 Pagesby means of industrialization. In doing this they developing railroads, roads, and port facilities which increased trade and profits. Because of these advancements, they were able to participate in the world trade mark ets. Some larger countries such as Brazil and Argentina grew exponentially by trading there products (coffee and wheat). After the World Wars, trade declined in world markets and Latin American governments found it necessary to practice Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI). ISIRead MoreImport Substitution1497 Words   |  6 PagesImport Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Definition Government strategy that emphasizes replacement of some agricultural or industrial imports to encourage local production for local consumption, rather than producing for export markets. Import substitutes are meant to generate employment, reduce foreign exchange demand, stimulate innovation, and make the country self-reliant in critical areas such as food, defense, and advanced technology. What Does Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)Read MorePrinciples Of Trade Policy And Import Substituition Industrialization Essay2185 Words   |  9 PagesUNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF TRADE POLICY AND IMPORT SUBSTITUITION INDUSTRIALIZATION Trade Policy Trade Policy basically characterizes objectives, values, guidelines and directions which relates to interchange relations between nations. As their goal is to help the country’s international trade the policies are particular to every nation and are defined by its public authorities. Taxes imposed on import and export, assessment of rules and regulations, and duties and shares are incorporated in nationRead MoreIndia s Growth Of Domestic Market954 Words   |  4 Pagesshortcoming since there were more import goods rather than exports. Because of this flaw, there have been a lot of government’s intervention in the market. But such intervention could not fix the failure in the market and the import goods were still exceeding. This period of industrialization in Brazil is viewed as the background of the later decline of its regular commodities exports. Within the similar period, India also adopted the substitution industrialization policy. India adopted the strategyRead MoreEssay on Brazil: Embracing Globalization?1519 Words   |  7 Pagestreaties. Brazils Import Substitution Strategy After the Great Depression of the 1930s, Brazil followed an import substitution strategy characterized by massive government investment, targeting of key industries, and protection against competition with high tariffs walls. Brazils import-substitution strategy initially appeared to be a success, creating a temporary boom in the 1960s and 1970s that masked the strategys longer-term implications. Import substitution industrialization also called ISIRead MoreThe Economic Development Of China1130 Words   |  5 Pagesof export led industrialization and economic liberalization. We should recognize the success that China has had with export-led growth and want to emulate the policies that have enabled incredible economic development to occur in our neighbors to the north. Since 1991, we have taken great strides to modernize our country. But, there are still inefficiencies in our economy that need to be addressed to ensure continued economic development. Theory behind export-led industrialization: Export-led industrialization

Site Auditing

Question: What is a site audit and explain how a clinical research site must prepare for an audit? Which authorities can audit clinical trial sites? Answer: Introduction In a clinic auditing is essential as it oversees the progress of a clinical trial that takes into account the Standard Operating Procedures, Applicable regulatory as well as Good Clinical Practice (Hay, 2014). In addition to this, site auditing is also done for ensuring that the rights of the human beings are well protected or not. This assignment will be dealing with the site auditing, preparation of auditing by clinical research site and authorities that audit the clinical trial sites. Site Audit Site auditing is a systematic as well as an independent process that is concerned with the activities ad documents that are required for analyzing the data that is been recorded. It is done according to the requirements, GCP as well as sponsors SOPs (Kilgore, 2014). The auditors are the independent trial teams that are trained for auditing the clinical sites and are bounded by the regulatory bodies. The auditors are the independent trial teams that are trained for auditing the clinical sites and are bounded by the laws and rules (Mayorga, 2013). Preparation of audit by a clinical research site For auditing the clinical research site, the auditor has to do preparation that includes the following responsibility of the management, procedures regarding their adequacy, training, changing control, internal monitoring program, documentation control as well as deviations. In addition to this, Lenz and Sarens (2012) commented on the fact that the for preparation of the audit, the auditor of the clinical research site also keeps a focus on the manufacturing, labeling, packaging as well as coding of the product. The audits are so prepared that it highlights the problems of the clinical sites that are identified as well as corrected. This is because, on the basis of that the correct and preventive measures are taken for improvement of the overall quality. Apart from this, Hay and Toy (2014) had a view that the clinical site auditors also prepare audits that includes the essential documents. These include the brochure of the investigator, signed protocols, and financial aspects, amendm ents, insurance statement etc. that are essential in the auditing function. The essential documents contain case report forms, signed sheets, corrections of CRF, identification of code list, serious reports of adverse events etc (Ramanan, 2014). Along with this, Litt et al. (2013) had an opinion that the certifications of the labs, the regulatory authorization of the authorities, normal value of the laboratory tests etc ate also included in the preparation of the audit report by the clinical site. According to Bigus (2012) the requirements such as shipping records, the trial site accountability, certificates regarding the analysis of the shipped products are also explained thoroughly. The research audit of the clinical site also contains the information regarding the laboratory test. This includes the receipt as well as storage of samples, qualification of the instruments that are required and the methods of handling the solutions and the reagents. Daff (2012) commented that keeping all these information in mind, the other requirements needed are the computerized systems that is necessary for maintenance, achieving, retrieving as well as transmitting the data. This also takes into account the security of the system, traceabi lity, retention capabilities, validation status etc. Moreover for a successful preparation of the audit, the clinical site also needs to have a strong data backup system, contingency plans, recovery system as well as personnel training system (Hay, 2014). Another major issue that is included in the audit report is the safety measures that the clinical sites has undertaken for the safety of the doctors, nurses and other medical and non-medical staffs and patients. Moreover the integrity of data s well as maintenance of proper database is also essential to maintain. Authorities that audits clinical trial sites The clinical trial sites have a handful of authorities that audits the clinical trial sites for verifying the accuracy rate as well as reliability of the data that are submitted by the agency. The FDA investigator oversees whether the clinic is complied with the rules and regulations during its operation (Kilgore, 2014). In addition to this, The Department of Health and Human Services (OHRP), the sponsors, the Cooperative groups and IRBs are the authorities that are responsible for auditing the clinical trial sites. These concerned groups are concerned about the safety, ethics and maintenance of clinical standard within the clinics (Hay and Toy, 2014). Conclusion This assignment has discussed vividly regarding the site auditing, the authorities that are concerned with it the preparations of the clinical sites for getting themselves prepared for auditing. The system, documentation as well as maintaining the clinical sites to operate ethically are also discussed. References Bigus, J. (2012). Vague Auditing Standards and Ambiguity Aversion. AUDITING: A Journal of Practice Theory, 31(3), pp.23-45. Daff, L. (2012). The ethics application. Acc Auditing Accountability J, 25(3), pp.570-571. Hay, D. (2014). Auditing, International Auditing and the International Journal of Auditing: Editorial. International Journal of Auditing, 18(1), pp.1-1. Hay, D. and Toy, A. (2014). Privacy Auditing Standards. AUDITING: A Journal of Practice Theory, p.141231081701003. Kilgore, A. (2014). Audit quality. Managerial Auditing Journal, 29(9). Lenz, R. and Sarens, G. (2012). Reflections on the internal auditing profession: what might have gone wrong?. Managerial Auditing Journal, 27(6), pp.532-549. Litt, B., Sharma, D. and Sharma, V. (2013). Environmental initiatives and earnings management. Managerial Auditing Journal, 29(1), pp.76-106. Mayorga, D. (2013). Managing continuous disclosure: Australian evidence. Acc Auditing Accountability J, 26(7), pp.1135-1169. Ramanan, R. (2014). Corporate Governance, Auditing, and Reporting Distortions. Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance, 29(3), pp.306-339.

The Tempest Final Essay Example For Students

The Tempest Final Essay Shakespeare embraces the relationship between master and slave in his play The Tempest. The characters Prospero and Caliban portray conflicts and complexities of authority. As one gains power, the other loses it. In the play, Prospero rises to power, while Caliban loses it. The legitimacy of Prosperos authority over Caliban is, however, questionable. What gives Prospero the power over Caliban? What are the reasons that Caliban should obey his masters orders? These questions can be answered through investigating the possession of the island, the justice of punishing Caliban, and Prosperos right to use or abuse his power. One of the reasons for Calibans defiance towards Prospero is the fact that he believes the island that they are on to be his, but to have been stolen by Prospero. This islands mine by Sycorax my mother, / Which thou takst from me (1. 2. 331). Caliban feels as though he has been taken advantage of. When Prospero first comes to the island, he is kind to Caliban, and in return, Caliban shows him the secrets of the island. When thou camst first, Thou strokst me and made much of me; wouldst give me Water with berries int, and teach me how To name the bigger light and how the less, We will write a custom essay on The Tempest Final specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now That burn by day and night; and then I loved thee, And showed thee all the qualities oth isle, The fresh springs, brine pits, barren place and fertile (1. 2. 332-8) This is Prosperos ploy to use Caliban to learn the secrets of the island. Once he knows all the qualities of the island, he no longer needs Calibans knowledge and thus enslaves him and uses him as free labor. Caliban despises Prospero and Mirandas efforts to educate him and to help him. To him, they are all part of the deception. Prospero believes otherwise and feels as though Caliban owes him for his generosity. Caliban is the first one to inhabit the island. When Prospero comes to the island he assumes possession of the island to be his. Along with the possession of the island he assumes control of whatever and whoever inhabits the island. This trend is also seen in the numerous accounts of European settlers voyaging to the New World and capturing the natives to use them as slaves. Antonio Vieira, a Jesuit father, condemned this and believed that it was Gods will for slaves to be free and anyone who takes away ones freedom should go to hell. He quotes, Any man who deprives others of their freedom and being able to restore that freedom does not do so is condemned (from Vieiras Sermon Condemning Indian Slavery). Prospero robs Caliban of his island and of his freedom. He has the ability to restore Calibans freedom and island, yet he does not. The innocence of Caliban, however, can also be questioned. Prospero does not enslave him without reason. He demands service from Caliban on the basis that he attempts to rape his daughter. till though didst seek to violate / The honour of my child (1. . 344). Prosperos argument is that he tries to educate Caliban and to help him, but in return, Caliban tries to take advantage of his daughter. Servitude is thus Prosperos way for Caliban to pay penance. Indeed, Caliban should be punished for his wrongdoing, but whether Prospero should do it and how much punishment is deserved is not for Prospero to decide. In present day, when a felon is caught for attempted rape, he is punished and serves time in prison. He may have to do services and live in poor conditions. .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37 , .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37 .postImageUrl , .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37 , .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37:hover , .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37:visited , .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37:active { border:0!important; } .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37:active , .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37 .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u992de7bd3ca6f6fd9a0947698a856d37:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dramatic Significance EssayHowever, the government consisting of numerous people decides these sentences. True, in Prosperos time and place, it may have been the business of the victim to punish the criminal; however, Prosperos punishment for Caliban is not entirely for justice, but also for his advantage. The purpose for prison sentences is for justice and for the correction of the criminal. Prosperos sentence was not of this purpose. Authority is defined as one who has acquired power over another. In this play, Prospero is the one who holds all the power. This power that he holds comes not from exceptional governing abilities or brute strength, but out of his supernatural powers. He is able to control Caliban and to force him to serve him by using his magical powers. Without his supernatural powers, he would have no power over Caliban. This authority that Prospero holds over Caliban is not through love, but instead through fear. Prospero threatens Caliban if he does not obey: For this be sure tonight thou shalt have cramps, Side-stitches that shall pen thy breath up. Urchins Shall, for that vast of night that they may work, All exercise on thee. Thou shalt be pinched As thick as honeycomb, each pinch more stinging Than bees that made em. (1. 2. 324-9) These threats are harsh and cruel and make it very hard for Caliban to disobey. These consequences are difficult for anybody to endure. The only reason Caliban obeys is because he is afraid of the things that Prospero will do to him if he disobeys. He does not obey Prospero because he loves him but because he fears him. Prospero uses his powers unjustly against a defenseless Caliban. He is able to enslave Caliban because he cannot fight back. Caliban obeys not out of choice but out of fear. Prospero usurps his power from Caliban and abuses it. Many conflicts of authority are present when there is a master and slave relationship. The Tempest by Shakespeare illustrates a master/slave relationship between Prospero and Caliban in which power and authority is fought over. Prospero is the master and Caliban is the slave. These positions are not the results of chance but rather a result of force. Prospero robs Calibans island and claims it to be his own. He then robs his freedom and forces him to serve him. His justification for doing so, is that Caliban attempts to rape his daughter and that he should pay penance for it; however, his punishment is not legitimate because it is for selfish reasons not for justice. And the only reason that Prospero has any control over Caliban is through his supernatural powers, which he abuses. Prospero the master enslaves the helpless Caliban and deprives him of his freedom and according to the Jesuit Father, Antonio Vieira, Prospero should be condemned to hell.

The 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles - History

The 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles - History The 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, United States For a while, ​it seemed as if no one was going to attend the 1932 Olympic Games. Six months before the Games were to begin, not a single country had responded to the official invitations. Then they started to trickle in. The world was mired in the Great Depression which made the expense of traveling to California seem nearly as insurmountable as the distance. Neither had many of the spectator tickets been sold and it seemed that the Memorial Coliseum, which had been expanded to 105,000 seats for the occasion, would be relatively empty. Then, a few Hollywood stars (including Douglas Fairbanks, Charlie Chaplin, Marlene Dietrich, and Mary Pickford) offered to entertain the crowd and ticket sales picked up. Los Angeles had constructed the very first Olympic Village for the Games. The Olympic Village consisted of 321 acres in Baldwin Hills and offered 550 two-bedroom portable bungalows for the male athletes, a hospital, post office, library, and a large number of eating establishments to feed the athletes. The female athletes were housed in the Chapman Park Hotel downtown, which offered more luxuries than the bungalows. The 1932 Olympic Games also debuted the first photo-finish cameras as well as the victory platform. There were two minor incidents worth reporting. Finnish Paavo Nurmi, who had been one of the Olympic heroes in the past several Olympic Games, was considered to have turned professional, thus was not allowed to compete. While mounted on the victory platform, Italian Luigi Beccali, winner of the gold medal in the 1,500-meter race, gave the Fascist salute. Mildred Babe Didrikson made history at the 1932 Olympic Games. Babe won the gold medal for both the 80-meter hurdles (new world record) and the javelin (new world record)  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹and won silver in the high jump. Babe later became a very successful professional golfer. Approximately 1,300 athletes participated, representing 37 countries. For More Information: History of the OlympicsList of the Olympic GamesInteresting Olympic Facts

Lord Of the Flies Essays

Lord Of the Flies Essays Lord Of the Flies Essay Lord Of the Flies Essay Discuss the fragility of civilization against the destructive force of fear. If people become isolated from civilization, then the beast inside of us can break the bonds from society and unleash the evil within using the power of fear. In the book, The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, a group of boys becomes stuck on an island and it portrays the breakdown of society and structure and the transformation of them into savages. On the island, the boys first follow a conch which was the order and the link to society on the island but after a while, it loses most of its influence due to the disintegration of social order and rules. A character that used the tool of fear to gain control of the boys was Jack, who represents a dictator on the island. The boys main fear was of the beast which also assisted the boys descent into savagery. Without any adults or concrete set of laws on the island, fear manipulated the boys into malevolent, vicious beings. Ralph, the main character of the book, used the conch to help lead the group of boys which would later decline into Jacks dictatorship of fear and despair. In the beginning, Ralphs power and influence over the boys was secure since most were still following the conch. As time went on, as the ear of the beast grew larger and larger, so did Jacks power while Ralphs shrunk smaller and smaller. In the quote, See? See? Thats what youll get! I meant that! There isnt a tribe for you anymore! The conch is gone (. 200). In this scene, the conch shell breaking meant the beast and fear taking over the island completely whilst civilization and order was eradicated. Also, Piggys death symbolized the boys full transformation into savages, mindless and bloodthirsty with no thought of guilt after they murdered one of their own. There is an antagonist in every book, and in the Lord of the Flies, the characters ame is Jack, who represents an evil, cruel overlord who uses fear to assert dominance. After being completely secluded from the rules that he had grown up with and the evil spirit inside him starting to manipulate his personality, Jack starts to show his true nature which is the savage that he had always kept inside of him. At various points throughout the story, Jack uses the boys fear of the beast to overthrow Ralph and the conch. In the quote, l expect the beast disguised himself. Perhaps Wed better keep on the right side of him, anyhow. You cant tell what he might do. The tribe considered this; and then were shaken, as if by a flow of wind. The chief saw the effect of his words and stood abruptly. (10. 142-143) This quote represented William Goldings idea of fear being the most effective way of control, with Jack using fear to get his tribe to do what he wishes. The book portrayed how terrifying the impact fear can have on people and how far it can manipulate them. Throughout the book, the idea of the beast developed into fear which resulted in the crippling of the conch, the link to society and sanity and the barrier that was stopping them from turning into savages. The quote, The one permanent emotion of the inferior man is fear fear of the unknown, the complex, the inexplicable. What he wants above eve rything else is satety by Henry Louis Mencken can be seen in the Lord of the Flies through the boys whose fear of the beast and the want for safety gives Jack the power to take leadership. This idea of the beast also warped the boys minds so much that they leapt on to the beast, screamed, struck, bit, tore. There were no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws. (9. 168) thinking Simon as the beast. Fear had turned innocent boys into ruthless, bloodthirsty murderers. William Goldings idea of the beast within us all resonates in real life, not Just in the book. Ralph, who represented order, structure, law and democracy soon toppled because of how much fear affected the boys. The conch, the link to society, was shattered by the evil that fear had created, which were the savages that the boys had turned into. It is ironic because the beast that the boys were so afraid of was actually the monsters that they had turned into. Without civilization, fear can warp and transform us into things that we would have never expected, much like Jack and the boys. Lord of the Flies Essays Lord of the Flies Paper Lord of the Flies Paper Essay Topic: Lord Of the Flies Director Peter Brook based Lord of the Flies on the novel by William Golding. The film, released in 1963, is the tale of a group of upscale British schoolchildren who are being flown out of London to the supposed safety of the South Pacific before war erupts. Their airplane crashes and the lads are left to fend for themselves on a remote island. The storyline takes the boys from innocence to savagery. The film did not receive rave reviews from critics. The film version takes away some of the creative imagination that comes from reading the story, but its images are as shocking as one might imagine little boys turned into violent savages(Webster, Apollo Guide). The reviews could be in part from the inexperience of the actors. The little boys were almost all non-actors whose parents volunteered them for the job out of respect for the book (Webster, Apollo Guide). However, Peter Brook did an excellent job of depicting the possible outcome of the situation with which the children are fa ced. This film shows human nature in its truest form. Society is faced with people who are vulnerable to others, those who are capable of making the right decisions, and some who feel the need to violate the rules.Piggy, portrayed by Hugh Edwards, is the most vulnerable character. At the beginning, he makes the mistake of divulging his nickname. Piggy seems to be intelligent and sensible, but lacking the confidence in himself to put it to use. Jack belittles Piggy throughout the film. He continuously calls him Fatty and at one point slaps him in the face, which causes his glasses to break. Piggys only hope is the friendship of Ralph, who betrayed him at the beginning, only to eventually become his best friend. Piggy never succumbed to the savagery of the others. In his last words, What is it better to be, a bunch of savages like you are, or sensible like Ralph is

History The World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

History The World - Essay Example China enjoyed its last golden age under the Ming dynasty, which was characterized by economic, political, and cultural revolutions. Under Zheng’s leadership, the Chinese navy developed tremendously and carried out numerous explorations around the world. This essay explores the different ways in which people experienced their giant Chinese neighbor. The essay also explores reactions towards the Chinese self-contained civilization. Chinese growth and prosperity had significant influence on its neighbors, particularly India and Korea. During the era of imperial China, neighboring people considered China a source of intellect. The height of Chinese inventions in science and technology was realized during the Tang and Song dynasties. The Tang dynasty is considered the most prosperous dynasty in terms of science and technology. Remarkable inventions during the two dynasties can be traced in the fields of agriculture, medicine, marine and transport. Although the Chinese community made the invention for their own interests, most of the inventions trickled down to their neighbors in a variety of ways. Firstly Chinese neighbors experienced Chinese inventions through military conquest. China remained aggressive towards its neighbors throughout the history of the ancient Chinese monarchies. Chinese inventions led to dramatic expansions in its military capabilities, which promoted numerous raids on its weaker neighbors. The concept of Confucianism founded during the Yuan dynasty is also a pillar of Chinese philosophy and intellectual freedom. The concept advocated for individualism and innate morality and, had significant impact on Chinese neighbors. Neo-Confucian social and government structures can be traced among most of the Chinese neighbors such as Japan and Korea. The giant neighbor exerted numerous pressures on the nearby neighbors to a point of creating conflicts. Although

Certified fitness trainer (Question6) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Certified fitness trainer (Question6) - Essay Example This idea is supported by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA), which all agree that children may participate in resistance training as long as the program is appropriately designed and supervised (Howley and Franks). The usual concern associated with youth resistance training is that this type of stress may harm the developing musculoskeletal system (Stone, Stone and Sands). However, current findings indicate that there is actually no evidence of a height decrease in young people who participate in resistance training in controlled environments (Wilmore, Costill and Kenney). Thus, there is actually nothing to worry about subjecting young children to weight or resistance training. What is important is that strength and conditioning professionals understand the fundamental principles of normal growth and development in order for them to develop and evaluate safe and effective resistance training programs (Earle and

Sources of Finance Essay Example for Free

Sources of Finance Essay In this assignment, I am going to look at different ways to finance a new start-up business and also for existing businesses who want to expand in the future. After reading this, you will learn the costs of different sources of finance and also their advantages and disadvantages. A source of finance is divided into two sections which are short term and long term. Short term is often referred to money that is borrowed for up to 12 months. Many businesses would use this to fund day to day activities such as utility bills or staff wages etc. Long term is generally over one year and used for things such as buying property or expanding a business. In this assignment it is going to look at how existing businesses and new businesses will use these types of borrowing as a source of finance. Long term finance Owner’s capital refers to the amount of money the owner puts into the business themselves. This is regarded as long term finance as the money will stay with the business as long as it exists. This could be savings, money received in result of a redundancy payment or money left to them in a will. The advantage of this source is that it doesn’t have any interest because it’s the owner’s money so you don’t need to pay anyone back unlike bank loans. In comparison to loans, this is generally more convenient because you don’t need to worry about paying back the bank and the interest rates. This source is more flexible than others because there is no restriction on the money so the owner can spend it on whatever they like. However, the disadvantage of this would be if the business fails then you are likely to lose your investment. It also comes with an opportunity cost. This is defined as what you could have done with the money; for example, you were going to use it to buy a house but you contribute it to starting up a business, this is the opportunity cost. If businesses do not contribute the owner’s capital then it is unlikely they will receive any loans from banks or other investors. This is because if you were an investor and you saw a business that isn’t willing to take the risk and contribute their own money, you wouldn’t invest your own money in them. Depending on how much the owner’s capital is going to be, this can be mixed with bank loans to go towards a business start-up. For example, I am going to open a Chinese take-away and invest  £10,000 into the business but my priority is to buy  utensils and refurbish the building. I could use my investment into refurbishing and since I contribute my own money I could get a loan from the bank to buy my utensils. This source of finance is suitable for new businesses to get them up and running however it can also be used for existing businesses who want to expand. Venture capital is the money that is provided to businesses by investors. These investors are named venture capitalists who could either be a group of wealthy individuals or a company who make their money by investing on businesses. They are often seeking for new or growing businesses who they believe have potential and hope to develop them. There are some advantages for this source; it is a good option to new businesses especially for the ones who don’t have much operating history so it’s harder for them to secure a bank loan. The money the venture capitalists contribute is usually more than what banks are willing to lend. Businesses are also interested in but the contacts these wealthy people have which could help their business expand in many different ways. For example, in Dragons Den, Peter Jones offers  £50 000 to a business for 50% of the company which is 25% more than what the business was prepared to give away however with Peter being a wealthy and respectable entrepreneur they gave him what he wanted. They believe Peter has the contacts which could help their business expand rapidly. If a business could secure a venture capital, it is more beneficial than a bank loan because there are no interest rates however the disadvantage is you risk losing some independency to the investors. They calculate how much money they are willing to invest and the percentage by considering the risk and reward. Usually, a new business is considered high risk because they have limited operating history but if they are believed to have potential then the investors will ask for a high percentage of the business for it to achieve a high profitable reward. It is likely the venture capitalists will make decisions for the company. If businesses are willing to sacrifice part of their business then this source is recommended because it could broaden the company. Bank loans are regarded as long term finance because the money can be borrowed up to 25 years or longer in some circumstances. All loans have an  interest rate attached to them. The interest rate is often calculated by how much the business borrows. The more you borrow the more interest you are going to pay. For example, if I borrow  £9000 from Barclays bank, I will be charged 4.3% APR whereas if I borrow  £30000 I will be charged at 6.9% APR. It could affect your loan if the interest rates go up so more businesses take out a loan on a fixed rate of interest where they won’t be charge any extra costs if the interest rates increase. If a variable rate loan is taking out, the interest rates can change which makes it harder to manage finance. Bank loans could be used by new and existing businesses; a new business can use it to buy equipment and an existing business could use it to expand the company for example, buying new premises. An existing business will tend to be able to borrow more than a new business. This is because they have been operating for longer and banks generally find them more reputable. If these companies wish to borrow an excessive sum of money then extra security is needed to ensure the money is paid back. Often banks will ask the business to use their property as a security for the loan. It means if the business fails then the bank could recover the money from selling their property. This is usually referred as a second mortgage. Most businesses use this source to their advantage because it is convenient and the money could be borrowed for a lengthy period. For some businesses, it could be looked at as a better option than securing a venture capital because you aren’t losing a share of the business for money but you also have decision on where the money could be spend; you have more independency with the money. The disadvantage is the interest rate could be quite high whereas if an owner’s capital was available, a repayment is not necessary. Also, if your business fails and you have taken out a second mortgage you could lose your property. Generally, bank loans work out quite expensive in the long run however it is a good way to raise finance for your business. A mortgage is a loan used for purchasing a property and could be paid back in the space of 25 years or sometimes more. The property then becomes the borrower’s collateral which needs to be paid off as they agreed with the lenders. If there is a failure of payment then the lenders can repossess the property and sell it at an auction to recover the money. This source is common for both new and existing businesses that need a mortgage for their  work premises. The advantage of mortgages is the fact they are usually more manageable and affordable than renting because the repayments are spread out over a lengthy period. This also depends on the type of the property and other factors such as location and price. Here is an example, in 2008, house prices dropped in Northern Ireland; therefore buying a house was cheaper. In addition, getting a mortgage was easier and cheaper than renting. Also, once you have paid off your mortgage, you own the property and it could be worth far more than what you paid for it. Often, interest rates on mortgages are lower than a loan because the property is used as collateral. Mortgages fall into two main categories; fixed rate and various rates. Fixed rate is where the interest stays the same over a number of years and various rate means the interest can change. This source also comes with many disadvantages; it is not as flexible as renting because if you want to move out of the property, it is not as easy as cancelling a contract with your landlord, you will have to sell the property which can be difficult. Maintenance is one of the problems for instance, if the roof leaks you will have to fix it yourself whereas a rented property it can be repaired for you. The main disadvantage is that you have to keep up with your repayments or you can end up losing your property. For example, during the credit crunch there was many people made redundant and therefore they struggled to make repayments so their house was repossessed. Although the interest rate is lower on mortgages, it does carry high risk as you are repaying over a long period of time. For a new business it would be advisable to start off with a bank loan to establish a steady flow of finance into a business before considering a mortgage. Retained profits are defined as capital which is kept in the business. The owner(s) can decide what they want to do with the companies’ profits. This could be for personal use, paid out to shareholders as a dividend or withdrawn as wages for sole trader’s also known as owner’s drawings. If the owner decides not to touch this money it is referred to as ploughing back the profits or organic growth. This is regarded as important long term finance but only relates to existing businesses. There are many advantages of retained profits; the money which is left in the business rather than paid out as a dividend is the opportunity cost for shareholders. The money  is reinvested and helps the company expand and could be used for buying new equipment or machinery. It is an advantageous source of finance because it doesn’t have any interest rates attached. It also has a lot of flexibility because the company has control of what is left in the business and what is paid out to dividends. This source of finance has some disadvantages. It could lead to the company getting criticized for restricting the value of dividends and holding on too much money for the business. If retained profits don’t result in higher profit then it could cause arguments amongst shareholders and you risk losing them. The shareholders may think the money would be better in their own hands rather than the business. In order to use this source accordingly, you must maintain good relationships with the shareholders and show that the business has potential to succeed. This is highly recommended for existing businesses because as long as the company exist while making profits, money will be reinvested each day and it could help with the growth of the business. Selling assets is a common source of long term finance for an existing business. An asset is categorized as any item owned by a business or individual which could range from land to machinery. Business may sell some assets because they have no further need for them. By selling assets the company can raise money to fund other projects. For example; selling a JCB digger because there is limited work on in the construction site and it is taking up too much valuable space. These assets can turn into cash which could help the business with advertising or paying off debts. Often businesses sell a successful division of their business to another firm because they believe there is a declining market for their product or service. While it is still going good they will sell this in order to use the money to expand in a new and growing market. The advantage of selling an asset is you get your money back straight away. Generally, this is a cheaper source of financing your business unlike bank loans where you have to worry about the high interest rates. For many, selling an asset is a good way to reduce or eliminate debt. Although, this seems like a convenient method, the cost of selling assets must be considered. In some cases, you won’t receive full market value for the goods but this depends on how quick you want to sell them. The assets could grow in value faster than what you can yield  with the cash and also it could come with tax consequences. This means if you buy an asset and later sell it on for profit, you could be landed with what is called ‘Capital Gains Tax’. You could end up with less money than you expected. This financing source mostly applies to existing businesses because they would have built more assets than new businesses starting up and would most likely have more debt on their hands. For new businesses, getting a bank loan or owner’s capital would be more suitable. Overall; this is a recommended source of finance for existing businesses as it carries little risk in the procedure. This benefits a lot of businesses because they are usually selling something they no longer require, in order to use the money on something which can help their company grow or eliminate debt. For example, you are investing on a delivering service for your company and plan to get a loan for a van. Your warehouse has several forklifts so you would plan to sell one in order to buy a van. To conclude, you aren’t losing money because you are using the money from the asset to start a new service; to expand your business. Share capital is the capital of a company divided into equal amounts known as shares. There are two companies’ which share capital relate to which are private limited companies, (LTD’s) or public limited companies (PLC’s). In a private limited company, these shares are often sold to family firms but could be sold to family and friends. However, if they want to issue shares, they must go through an agreement with all the shareholders. On the other hand, a public limited company can sell shares on a stock exchange to members of the public. This means anyone could buy shares which results in them having a wider source of capital. A new business is usually classed as a private limited company and may have as little as two shareholders. However, if they expand over time and cannot issue any more shares they might consider about becoming a public limited company. This process is known as ‘floating the business’ which has to go through a number of administr ative and legal procedures. A public limited company can raise more because they can sell their shares on the stock exchange. If they want to expand their business but need  £100 million then they can sell  £100 million shares at the stock exchange for  £1 each. This needs to come with a prospectus which is very important because it gives the investors a better  understanding of the company before they commit to buying shares. You will tend to find information such as; how the business is managed, what does the business specialist in, etc. Businesses often use the services of a merchant bank such as Morgan Stanley or Merrill Lynch who specialize in share floatation. This means if all shares are not sold, they will buy them so the business can still raise the money they need. This is a type of insurance policy and you can imagine the cost it has attached to it. Share capital is attractive and very helpful in raising long term finance for both new and existing businesses. The main advantages are; you will have commitment from your shareholders because like the owner they also want to see the business succeed. In terms where a plc becomes successful then they will most likely sell more shares to the public. However, if there comes a time when they want to raise more money, they can issue cheaper shares to existing shareholders through a rights issue’. If the company is doing well, and needs money for expansion, this is a quick and cheap way of raising finance. In comparison to loans, this source is cheaper; all you have to do is pay the shareholders their dividends each year instead of repaying high interest on bank loans. This financing source is similar to venture capital; if you have the right business angels and venture capitalist, they can bring useful contacts, valuable skills and experience to your company. This could help with business strategy planning, new products ideas or expansion plans. Although, there are some disadvantages too. Depending on the investor, you may lose some independency of the decision making in your business. For a potential investor to want a share of your business they will want to see reports and forecasts of the company; you may have to provide information for the investor(s) to monitor. This can be time consuming and may take management focus away from core business activities. Overall, share capital is a secure way to raise finance for your company. The money which is invested will stay within the company as long as the company exists and if it is a growing company then it could get a good reputation selling shares through the stock exchange. Short term finance A Bank overdraft is when someone makes an agreement with the bank to spend  more than what they have in their account but the money will need to be paid back. This type of borrowing is common for both new and existing businesses that experience cash flow problems. The money a business receives from sales and the amount they spend is called cash flow. There are two types of overdrafts; authorized and unauthorized. An authorized overdraft is where you are allowed to borrow up to a limit agreed with the bank. An unauthorized overdraft is where you are exceeding your authorized overdraft limit or going below zero in your account without agreeing on an overdraft facility; this should be avoided at all costs. This source of finance does carry an interest rate but only for the amount overdrawn and the length of time overdrawn. For example, if an overdraft facility allows you to borrow up to  £5000; you need  £3000 on the 1st July to pay rent until you get a payment of  £4000 from a customer on the 4th July, you will only be charged interest rates on the  £3000 for 4 days you borrowed. Some banks will charge a fee for customers to use this facility. A bank overdraft is suitable for companies that need the money for a short period of time whether it’s for paying staff wages or utility bills. Although, they must ensure they have money coming in to cover the cost of the overdraft as it can carry high interest rates; usually higher than bank loans. It can help avoid cheques bouncing and returned direct debit. This is where there are insufficient funds in the account to make a payment. If this happens, the business will have to pay bank charges and it can also damage relationships with suppliers as they will see the business as untrustworthy and they may not want to supply them with any more stock. The main advantage of a bank overdraft is the fact that is there when you need it and doesn’t cost anything (except for a small fee). You only need to borrow what you need. It can also help maintain the cash flow within the company and allows the business to make essential payments while chasing their own payments. There are many disadvantages too, as mentioned before overdrafts can carry higher interest rates than bank loans which make them expensive for long term financing. In some cases, you may have to secure your business assets to get an overdraft and failing to make repayments can risk you losing your assets. The main disadvantage and probably most important one is, if you find yourself going over the overdraft limit it would be classed as an unauthorized overdraft where you will be charged high interest rates and bank charges. If the  business keeps using over their limit, it could damage their reputation with banks although they can get the limit raised but this is not advisable. If this is done repeatedly the banks will assume the business has financial issues and they can refuse further use of the overdraft service. This source of finance is useful if lending short term but a business should never rely on it. Trade credit is the time given to a business from the supplier to pay for their stock. It is used in business to business (B2B) transactions. Trade credit is usually 30 days although this can be different depending on the organization. If you agreed 30 days credit with your supplier, you can sell the stock and have the money in your bank account before you pay the supplier. This means you are getting an interest free loan for 30 days. Usually small suppliers prefer to sell their products only to one big company instead of many small companies; this makes payments more manageable. An example is Cravendale farm only sells their milk to Asda so they will get one invoice from them at the end of the credit period. This is better than having multiple invoices from different supermarkets which can make cash flow more difficult. However, big companies like Asda often use this to their advantage and pay the supplier back late. They usually get away with this because Cravendale farm know Asda are their only customers so they cannot afford to lose them. Trade credit is a very important source of finance and has many advantages. It does not carry any interest rates therefore it is better than using bank overdraft. It can save you from spending money in your account to buy stock and with that money you can use it elsewhere in the business. For new businesses it may be hard to get trade credit because they have limited operating history but if they shop around they might find a supplier that will offer them a small credit limit to begin with. If they can make payments on time and prove to the suppliers they are reliable then it is possible the credit limit will increase. However the downfall of this source is, if you do not pay the supplier back on time you will get a bad reputation in the industry. If you constantly make late payments then the suppliers can withdraw this facility and ask for cash payments. It will also be hard for you to get new suppliers because they may be aware of your reputation of late payments; this should be  avoided at all costs. Trade credit is a good source of finance being interest free and it can help you build good credit history. This will be useful for getting bank loans or using the overdraft facility. Business credit cards are useful for short term borrowing. It is similar to using trade credit. If you pay for goods with a credit card, you will receive a statement once a month with the amounts spent in the last month. You will be given a time to pay for what you spent. If the amount is paid off in full you won’t have to pay any interest charges. Although, you do have the alternative of paying a minimum amount in which case you will have to pay interest on the remaining amount owed. This source of finance is recommended for new businesses as it gives them time to receive money from sales before they have to pay their expenses. It is also a good option for existing businesses but new businesses will tend to use it more to their advantage because it helps to maintain their cash flow and makes it easier for them to get started. An example of this source is if I have just opened a Chinese take away then I can use my business credit card to buy stock. Once I have sold all my stock and I can pay the amount in full then I will get an interest free loan. Business credit cards have some advantages. It helps track purchases because you will get a statement each month which shows what the business has spent money on. You can get interest free credit if you pay the balance by the due date. With a business credit card being so convenient it does have its disadvantages. The card can be fixed with high interest rates and if you make late payments or failure to make a payments it can resolve in the interest rate to rise. This can have a significant impact on the companies’ credit history and rating. This source is very useful although you should avoid making late payments because if you constantly have debt on the credit card, it can cost the business more money by paying interest rates. You will have to clear all debt before you can take advantage of the interest free credit again. You should always make payments on time to take advantage of this source. Failure to make payments can cause the business to get bad credit which means it will be harder to use other borrowing facilities in the future such as bank loans and it can harm the businesses’ reputation. A business should take full advantage of trade credit and credit cards for short term financing. They are both very similar and suitable for new and existing businesses. However, I recommend using trade credit over credit cards because repayments are more flexible to a supplier than to a bank. I mean if you pay your credit card bills late you will be charged with interest but some suppliers are flexible with their payment and they can possibly excuse a late payment. Although, you should always try to make payments on time to avoid damaging company reputation and having bad credit history. Retained profits are considered to be a cheaper source of finance than bank loans and mortgages. It is the best option available to help an existing company expand because it doesn’t carry any interest rates which means more capital for the business. If the business fails after taking out a bank loan and they can’t repay the loan, they can destroy their credit rating, making it difficult or impossible to get loans in the future. If retained profits are used and the business fails then it is just the companies’ investment that will be lost. For a new business, venture capital is considered to be the best source of long term finance. It is not only the investor’s money that is important but their skills and experience is crucial and could be the difference between a successful business and an unsuccessful one. If you are planning to start up your own business you need an owner’s capital in order to secure a bank loan. Once the business starts operating it will be able to secure higher loans and take advantage of the retained profits. The retained profits can help the company expand without carrying any interest rates meaning more capital for the business. Trade credit comes in when the business is set up and you want to start selling products. You should shop around and find a good supplier that will offer you this source and if it’s used appropriately you will find it very convenient. These sources should help you succeed in your business. Investopedia. (2014) Opportunity Cost. Available at: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/opportunitycost.asp Barclays. (2014) Your Loan Options. Available at: http://www.barclays.co.uk/Loans/P1242557963420 Money Supermarket. (2014) Advantages and disadvantages of mortgages. Available at: http://www.moneysupermarket.com/mortgages/advantages-and-disadvantages/ Gov.uk. (2014) Business finance explained. Loans. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/business-finance-explained/loans Tutor2u. (2012) Source of Finance – Retained Profits. Available at: http://tutor2u.net/business/finance/retained_profit.html eHow. (2014) Advantages and disadvantages of sale of assets. Available at: http://www.ehow.co.uk/info_8615419_advantages-disadvantages-sale-assets.html Tutor2u. (2012) What is share capital? Available at: http://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/business-studies/comments/qa-what-is-share-capital NI Business Info. (2014) Advantages and disadvantages of equity finance. Available at: https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/advantages-and-disadvantages-equity-finance Wikipedia. (2014) Trade Credit. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_credit Biz Help 24. (2014) Overdraft finance Advantages and disadvantages . Available at: http://www.bizhelp24.com/money/business-finance/overdraft-finance-advantages-and-disadvantages.html Gov.uk (2014) Business finance explained. Overdrafts. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/business-finance-explained/overdrafts Money Supermarket. (2014) Advantages and disadvantages of credit cards. Available at: http://www.moneysupermarket.com/credit-cards/advantages-and-disadvantages/ Go Compare. (2014) Beginners guide to credit cards. Available at: http://www.gocompare.com/credit-cards/credit-cards-explained/

Dance Essay -- essays research papers

1. What are the innovations of Isadora Duncan, Denishawn, Martha Graham, and Cunningham. Discuss these in relation to style, technique and theory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many Historians say that Isadora Duncan was the first dancer to present â€Å"modern dancing† to the public. Duncan felt that the pointe shoes and costumes that ballerinas wore were to restrictive. She began to dance in a way that seemed to be more natural to her. Her inspirations came from the movements of the tress, the ocean and other forms from nature. Her techniques included hopping, swaying, skipping and running. She felt these type of movements were natural and expressive. Also, the history of the Greeks inspired her to dance barefoot and wear tunics similar to those of Greek style. Isadora Duncan paved the way for all modern dancers and choreographers who were to follow her. Learning About Dance pg.61-62   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Denishawn was a dance school created in 1915 by Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn. Denis and Shawn were greatly inspired by different cultures, especially the Asian cultures. Although the dances Denishawn performed weren’t authentic, they were still able to bring other countries dance views to American audiences. The purpose of Denishawn was to educate the â€Å"total† dancer. Meaning to bring together the body , mind and spirit. Learning About Dance pg. 62-63   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martha Graham developed a technique known as â€Å"contracting† and â€Å"releasing† through the ...

Metal Detectors: Justifying School Safety Essay

How much is your child’s safety worth? Are you willing to put a price tag on your child’s life? Many schools are putting a price tag, but fortunately several are not. A shocking one in ten students has carried a weapon to school in New York. Statistics like this cannot be music to the ears of parents. You have to wonder what schools are doing about this awful matter. A notion that has been around, yet a new idea is helping pave the future on student safety in schools. It is metal detectors. This new idea has caused controversy all over the world. Schools around the United States have turned to metal detectors for their solution. I feel that metal detectors are a small price to pay when this matter concerns children. Metal detectors are helpful and expensive. However, most schools are able to afford them, and they do not exploit students’ rights. Metal detectors ensure school safety quickly and effectively. They help enforce a practice that is seen in many areas, including airports and courthouses. Many may argue that they consume too much time and require specially trained professionals. On the contrary, several schools have taken the same measures that are taken when conducting a poll. Polls only use a small percent of the population for the actual questions, but it still represents the entire population. Countless cities, including New York, have â€Å"†¦set a predetermined method of scanning which allows them to scan every second or third student instead of the entire student body† (McDermott 2). This measure is closely monitored, and it has proven to be successful. Some schools have even made things move quicker by having the teachers enter through a different entrance, which also includes metal detectors. Metal detectors in schools are also enforcing a method that is commonly used everywhere these days. A st udent from Chicago states in a message board that, Government offices have metal detectors that everyone has to walk through before they enter. If I go to City Hall, I have to walk through a metal detector. If I go to court for a speeding ticket, I have to go through a metal detector. Why shouldn’t kids have to do the same in school? It’s a public place, funded by public dollars (much like government offices) and I  don’t see that it violates anyone’s civil rights to have to walk through a metal detector to ensure that a school is safe. Students lose many privileges when they enter the school doors because student safety is on the top of the list. If they do not want to be searched or questioned then they should not bring with them articles that are inappropriate for school. Leigh was right when he said metal detectors are expensive. They can range from $4,495 to $5,495 for the walk-through models and from one hundred to four hundred dollars for the hand-held models. This minor setback causes debates. Metal detectors may not be needed in all grades of schools. â€Å"A vast majority of school homicides and suicides – 179 – took place in high schools†¦Ã¢â‚¬  when surveyed in New York. Therefore, various school districts may only need to install the metal detectors in high schools. Another aspect is that taxpayers already pay for insufficient funds. They should use the money for safer schools, instead of funding a new, state-of-the-art prison. Public officials need to look into where other tax dollars are going, and try and focus on getting it to go to schools. Students go to school to be educated; if their education is impaired the school officials then need to step in. Students are also missing valuable time when public officials are required to search the entire school because of threats of a bomb or other life threatening incidents. † ‘All the kids are missing out on their education†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ † (Szaniszlo 1). This could have been prevented with the metal detectors. Although the threats are to be taken seriously, the officials would have a sense of relief with the metal detectors in place. Metal detectors are beneficial to everyone, and not just the students. For example, they enforce school policy and protect students. The school officials have a right to search with reasonable cause and this does not invade the students’ rights or privacy. The school officials are in loco parentis (in the place of the parent) to help maintain order in the school. Rules and regulations create a structure that is necessary t o ensure a safe environment, † . . . that will reinforce the District’s priority goal of safe schools for all students and staff† (Code of Conduct). Just as  students must obey the rules, school officials have a set of rules to follow. Also, parents are allowed to search their kids’ room without a search warrant mandatory, so school officials should be given the same standard. They are acting in loco parentis; therefore, like parents they do not need a search warrant. â€Å"The in loco parentis doctrine basically assumes that students have no legitimate expectation of privacy in their personal property, such as purses, gym bags, or clothing† (Persico 28). The school is now not only responsible for educating the children, but also for protecting them while in the school’s supervision. School officials â€Å"†¦were not permitted to begin a pat-down search until the scanning device had been activated twice†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (NYSSN). They are obligated to search when they feel the school environment has been threatened. School officials only begin a thorough search when the detector has beeped twice on the same student. Only then are they allowed to search the specific area where it beeped. Leigh states that metal detectors â€Å"†¦instill a sense of humiliation in students†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (654). Students would not be embarrassed if the search was done in private. He also mentions â€Å"†¦the most harmful effect of metal detectors is their psychological impact on students subjected to daily searches† (Leigh 653). I have to agree that it might cause such impact, but that it is worth the price. When a student dies on school grounds it also causes a sense of fear for classmates. Schools only have these powers because they are out to ensure our safety. Schools will use whatever means possible to protect he student body. The Columbine tragedy really awakened the American public. Who knew that two teenage boys would have access to guns and that they would intentionally use them to hurt others? Schools with the help of metal detectors would have a chance to prevent such incidents in the future. Metal detectors may not be a full-proof plan, but they would be valuable asset for schools. School districts are turning to this new phenomenon to better the school environment and community. Trying to work around the metal detectors idea or complaining about the cost are not the real issues. The students’ life is at stake. Nevertheless, to prevent the impossible from happening, adopting the idea of metal detectors is worth taking a chance.

The Achievement of Desire

Growing up is something inevitable to all cultures and people. We have all gone through that time in our lives when we move on from being a child and become an adult. However, in the reality that education is the fact that starts this transition, Richard Rodriguez brilliantly focuses on the realization that education itself gives us the â€Å"ways of speaking and caring† about this transition. In the essay â€Å"The Achievement of Desire†, Rodriguez explains how his own life can be seen as his achievement for the desire to be the â€Å"scholarship boy†. Throughout his early years, Rodriguez defines himself as a good â€Å"imitator† â€Å"anxious and eager to learn†(546). He would constantly take in what his teachers taught him and then take these new ideas back to his family. This kind of â€Å"scholarship boy† to Rodriguez could be described as a model student who simply brings up the information obtained through his teachers yet doesn't develop his own idea. Rodriguez himself became, from an early age, that model student, superior to the rest of his peers. However, he also notes that being this kind of person, also meant he didn't express anything other than the thoughts provided by his teachers and books. Nevertheless, Rodriguez goes deeper into his â€Å"scholarship boy† situation and questions the motivations behind his actions, in other words, he questions his ability to originate ideas. What he realizes in third grade is that his education was actually changing him and separating him from the life he once had and loved. This realization was very important for Rodriguez because it meant that there would come a time when a choice would have to be made. A choice between keeping the ways of education in his home life, or choosing to abandon his home life and start his journey to a successful, independent, educational life. A choice between allowing his parents, who he loved more than anything, teach him or allowing his teachers to teach him more completely. It is at this point in Rodriguez’s life that he sees the education system as a kind of permanent examination and chooses to follow his own ways of learning and goals. In essence, he ends up developing the â€Å"ways of caring† about this transition. Rodriguez admits that all of us, one time or another must go through this kind of transition and separation from our past. However, he rejects any belief that education and the home culture can actually exist together. He describes these two ‘worlds' as extremes throughout his life growing up. The choice between these two worlds, these two extremes, is not a mysterious one, but it is an obvious one according to Rodriguez. To the scholarship boy, both the choice and the sacrifice it requires are obvious, and it is that decision which gives the person the â€Å"ways of speaking and caring† about the decision that is made. The scholarship boy fully understands the decision at the moment of making it, and so engages in a way that will allow him to reflect about it in the future. Nonetheless, Rodriguez also argues that most people are not as changed by education as he was. Rodriguez himself was a very special case. Having been born and raised by his uneducated parents, his culture and education allowed him to exceed the academic level of his parents. This environment was especially hard for him in his high school years, as he was embarrassed of his parents because they were not like his teachers. Over the years his parents lost their authority to him. This made him look for something else, whether that was knowledge given by his teachers or their authority towards him. For Rodriguez, he could not afford to admire his parents. As he moved from fourth grade up, he slowly developed the skills to hide the secret of his success. What he was actually doing was hiding his enthusiasm about his separation from his parents and his home life. In doing so, he found the tools required to both care and speak about the changes he knew were taking place with him. Eventually Rodriguez does get to the top of his education when he graduates high school and is accepted into Stanford University. Everything he had worked so hard for was finally worth it, as he could enter the real world of academics. Pleased with the idea of entering this new world, Rodriguez found that the academics community was lacking something. This is evident after his return home and not being able to connect with his family anymore, he also comes to the realization that he has been removed from the everyday life of his family and friends. In his sacrifice to become formed by education, he has in effect been changed deeply, so deeply that its not possible to connect with that past life. As he grew up and experienced changes of such importance in his life, Rodriguez learned and developed a number of scholarly abilities that provided him the â€Å"ways of speaking, reading, and caring† about his own life. He developed a professionalism in language as in a way to separate himself from his parents. Not only that, he also developed an incontrollable hunger of knowledge whether it was from books or teachers, which allowed him to study those who were like him or had ideas like him. For example, his article turned around proving wrong Hoggart’s idea of what a â€Å"scholarship boy† really was in the inside. In fact, his article proved that scholarship boys were not those who absorbed information and repeat it afterwards, but those that could use that information and education to form original thoughts and opinions as well. He demonstrated that â€Å"ways of reading and caring† were valued in the academic community. He explained his desire of becoming a teacher as for the knowledge and the â€Å"desire for knowledge† that he had. Rodriguez shows a desire for something, a desire to understand ideas. He explains this by saying that what he â€Å"withheld from his mother and father of what mattered the most: the extraordinary experience of first-learning†. This kind of desire to achieve the ways of reading, speaking, and caring about academics and life in general is why he had â€Å"always been a successful student†. Lastly, Rodriguez’s view on the definition of education and what it meant to be a â€Å"scholarship boy† in this article made him an independent thinker, which is what Rodriguez desired most, to have his own opinions and thoughts. He finally had changed from being a simple â€Å"scholarship boy† to become a real independent thinker. Everything in his life, his family, his teachers, his schooling, his books, and himself led him to discover the true â€Å"achievement of desire†.

Nursing Assignment 1 Essays - Nursing, Clinical Nurse Specialist

Nursing Assignment 1 Essays - Nursing, Clinical Nurse Specialist Nursing Assignment 1 FACULTY OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH METHODOLOGY NMNR5103 ASSIGNMENT 1 Discuss the integration of research findings and other forms of evidences to transform nursing practice. Current semester: January 2015 Date of submission: 07/03/2015 INTRODUCTION Nursing knowledge plays a key role in the nursing practice revolution. Major challenges are to select the 'right' knowledge from various sources and transform it into expedient knowledge. Knowledge defined as "information, understanding, or skill that you get from experience or education" (Marriem_Webster, 2015). Knowledge can be divided into two aspects, which call learning and knowing. Learning gain from the experience, study or being taught, while knowing is showing one has a knowledge, usually from personal understanding. In nursing practice, knowledge is gotten from multidimensional base and comprises evidence that comes from science, experience and personally derived understanding. Basically scientific knowledge is more systematic and developed through research activity where an exact approach is come after to acquire findings that can be applied to inform nursing practice. (Moule and Goodman, 2008). However, in nursing practice nurses also applied the knowledge that they gain from experience and personal leaning when delivers care to patients. In the other hand, Smith and Crookes, (2011) mention that knowledge is generated through encounter the activity of how knowledge is transfer at teaching, application in clinical practice and combined with other knowledge. Beside scientific knowledge, there are others sources of knowledge developed through experience that included trial and error, intuition, traditions knowledge, and personal knowledge. All nurses know nursing, but what they know and how they know might be different from each other due to different experiences, different taught and different qualification. The development and exploration of nursing knowledge are fundamental to the future of nursing practice. This paper will discuss the integration of research findings and other forms of evidences to transform nursing practice. NURSING PRACTICE The term art and science are important for practice of nursing. The science of nursing offers a basic foundation for nursing practice, while the art of nursing assist nurses to appreciate patients better (Wu, 2013). The combination of nursing science and art of nursing will result in excellence nursing practice. As mention earlier, science consists of structured knowledge that gains from research activities and finding the evidence for the best practices in nursing. Empirics knowledge is one of the nursing science, Carper, (1978) cited in Wu, (2013) describe empirics as systematic knowledge which is establish into theories to define, explain and forecast phenomena in nursing. Therefore, the nursing knowledge is objective, realistic and trustworthy. Art of nursing is the ability of nurses to attach with the patients. Art of nursing knowledge comes from personal knowledge that gains through experience while deal with patients in clinical area. Wu, (2013) expressed that nurses should wo rk beyond the technical skills while interact with patients in order to achieve art of nursing. Nursing is the practice, however practice is multifaceted in nature. In nursing practice, nurses need knowledge concerning the physiological and psychological aspect on daily activities of living, as well as knowledge on medical treatment and pharmacology. They also need social knowledge in enable them to have appropriate skills and attitude in dealing with life and death. Nurses need good communication to interact with others such as patients, relatives, doctors and peers and most important they competence in carry out medical prescriptions. In order to justify and understand the complexities of nursing profession, nurses need knowledge that can explain the nursing practice. There are various sources of nursing knowledge that identical for nurses in nursing practice. NURSING KNOWLEDGE Nursing science is nursing knowledge. According to Mantzoukas and Jasper, (2008) nursing knowledge was found in 19th century and that time nursing knowledge was dominant until mid 20th century, and its from various forms influences current nursing practice. In this era, nursing knowledge was considered as a set of descriptive rules, where the nurses were trained and taught to follow to carry out nursing activities (Reed, 1995, Bradshaw, 2000 cited in Mantzoukas and Jasper, 2008). In the others word, nurses only carry out their duty based on guideline or instruction given by an authoritative person, mainly doctors and nurse manager. In this period of time, nurses did not have explanatory power; all nursing activities are

Learn Facts About the Geography of U.S. State of Iowa

Learn Facts About the Geography of U.S. State of Iowa Population: 3,007,856 (2009 estimate)Capital: Des MoinesBordering States: Minnesota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Missouri, Illinois, WisconsinLand Area: 56,272 square miles (145,743 sq km)Highest Point: Hawkeye Point at 1,670 feet (509 m)Lowest Point: Mississippi River at 480 feet (146 m) Iowa is a state located in the Midwest of the United States. It became a part of the U.S. as the 29th state to be admitted into the Union on December 28, 1846. Today Iowa is known for its economy based on agriculture as well as food processing, manufacturing, green energy and biotechnology. Iowa is also considered one of the safest places to live in the U.S. Ten Geographic Facts to Know About Iowa 1) The area of present-day Iowa has been inhabited as long as 13,000 years ago when hunters and gatherers moved into the region. During more recent times, various Native American tribes developed complex economic and social systems. Some of these tribes include the Illiniwek, Omaha and Sauk. 2) Iowa was first explored by Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet in 1673 when they were exploring the Mississippi River. During their exploration, Iowa was claimed by France and it remained a French territory until 1763. At that time, France transferred control of Iowa to Spain. In the 1800s, France and Spain built various settlements along the Missouri River but in 1803, Iowa came under U.S. control with the Louisiana Purchase. 3) Following the Louisiana Purchase, the U.S. had a hard time controlling the Iowa region and built several forts throughout the area after conflicts like the War of 1812. American settlers then began moving to Iowa in 1833, and on July 4, 1838, the Territory of Iowa was established. Eight years later on December 28,1846, Iowa became the 29th U.S. state. 4) Throughout the rest of the 1800s and into the 1900s, Iowa became an agricultural state after the expansion of railroads across the U.S. After World War II and the Great Depression however, Iowas economy began to suffer and in the 1980s the Farm Crisis caused a recession in the state. As a result, Iowa today has a diversified economy. 5) Today, most of Iowas three million residents live in the states urban areas. Des Moines is the capital and largest city in Iowa, followed by Cedar Rapids, Davenport, Sioux City, Iowa City and Waterloo. 6) Iowa is divided into 99 counties but has 100 county seats because Lee County currently has two: Fort Madison and Keokuk. Lee County has two county seats because there were disagreements between the two about which would be the county seat after Keokuk was established in 1847. These disagreements led to the formation of a second court-designated county seat. 7) Iowa is bordered by six different U.S. states, the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri and Big Sioux Rivers on the west. Most of the states topography consists of rolling hills and due to prior glaciations in some portions of the state, there are some steep hills and valleys. Iowa also has many large natural lakes. The largest of these are Spirit Lake, West Okoboji Lake and East Okoboji Lake. 8) Iowas climate is considered humid continental and as such it has cold winters with snowfall and hot and humid summers. The average July temperature for Des Moines is 86ËšF (30ËšC) and the average January low is 12ËšF (-11ËšC). The state is also known for severe weather during the spring and thunderstorms and tornadoes are not uncommon. 9) Iowa has a number of different large colleges and universities. The largest of these are Iowa State University, the University of Iowa, and the University of Northern Iowa. 10) Iowa has seven different sister states - some of these include Hebei Province, China, Taiwan, China, Stavropol Krai, Russia and Yucatan, Mexico. To learn more about Iowa, visit the states official website. References Infoplease.com. (n.d.). Iowa: History, Geography, Population and State Facts- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0108213.html Wikipedia.com. (23 July 2010). Iowa - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa

GCSE in Mathematics Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GCSE in Mathematics - Literature review Example Factually there is no doubt that some subjects are more difficult than others, mathematics is one such subject. Mathematics is hard to some students because of the fear factor arising from inferiority feeling. The students feel that they are not smart enough. Mathematics is likened to sports where practice gives better results and understanding of terms used in Mathematics is quite challenging to some students. Mathematics is sequential subject just like science or engineering where the right answer can be gotten in different ways and concepts build from a previous one. In most cases the math courses move at a fast pace. All these factors may determine if a whether students hate or love mathematics. Graham (2004) defines web applications as programs that run on Web servers and use Web pages as the user interface. He notes this new kind of software will be cheaper and more powerful than the regular software for desktops. He further remarks that early computer users have already long d iscovered the benefits of moving applications from the hard disk and starting to use Web-based applications which can be accessed from any computer connected to the Internet. Ackermann (2007) asserts that the internet and the World Wide Web have had a profound effect on the way people find information and do research. He attributes this to the astounding increase in the amount of information resources available and the tools available for finding information. BENEFITS OF WEB SYSTEMS Db net solutions (2007) explain a number of benefits of web systems. Web Cross platform compatibility is one of them. Most web based applications are far more cross platform compatible than traditional installed software. The minimum system requirements would be web browsers that are available for a multitude of operating systems and run the web application. Web applications are also more manageable; web based systems need only be installed on the server placing minimal requirements on the end user works tation. The maintenance and update of the system is much simpler as usually it can all be done on the server. Updates are normally done via the web server with relative ease. Due to the manageability and cross platform support deploying web applications to the end user is far easier. Web based applications are ideal in bandwidth limited networks and the system and data is remote. You simply need to send the user a website address to log in to and provide them with internet access. This means that web applications are highly deployable. In web based systems the systems and processes can often be consolidated reducing the need of moving data. This type of applications also provides an added layer of security by removing the need for the user to have access to the data and back end servers. Web based applications are far less costly due to reduced support and lower end user system requirements and simplified architecture. Paul Stanley software (2013) also has a good literature on the b enefits of interactive web applications and hold that they are highly advantageous in that no special configuration or changes  are needed on  user's PCs. It was argued that they have lower costs compared to standalone or desktop applications and that Web applications centralize data which makes the data secure and easy to backup. Updates can be made quickly and information is accessible to a wide audience anywhere in the world available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Web applications also have the advantage that everybody has a browser. The familiar interface of the browsers encourages use of web systems and applications.Learning exercises can be done at user's own time and pace

SUMMARY AND problem solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SUMMARY AND problem solution - Essay Example In the news and through YouTube images, we are witnesses to how texting while driving has become a dangerous habit. We see how it endangers the life of the driver, the passengers, pedestrians, and other drivers as well. Images from YouTube have managed to send the message across to many drivers and texters out there – that even the shortest period of time taken to text can lead to disastrous consequences (Andrzejczyk, p. 1). These images show very bluntly and graphically how violators who are caught in the act have exposed themselves to life-threatening conditions. They have also managed to serve as fitting examples of what can happen to people who text while driving and for people to somehow learn from the experience and to be deterred from adopting or from repeating the practice (Andrzejczyk, p. 2). However, many of these texters still claim that they cannot seem to stop themselves from texting and from texting while driving. This is another danger of texting while driving à ¢â‚¬â€œ that its practice in the hands of an obsessive compulsive personality makes for a dangerous combination on the road (Andrzejczyk, p. 1). A psychological factor which contributes to the problem of texting while driving can be attributed to a person’s need to socially and physically connect and communicate with others. The cell phone fulfills this need, more than any other technology; hence, its great popularity all over the world (Andrzejczyk, p. 4). The need to connect with other people is a need which is easily fulfilled by cell phones anytime anywhere. It is therefore easily understood why most users of the cell phone and of texting are teenagers because their need to communicate with other people is a top priority in their life (Andrzejczyk, p. 4). The psychological need of belongingness and of kinship with peers fuels the problem of texting while driving; and such need is often easily and conveniently filled by

Researched Literature Review- The Impact of Studying Abroad on review

Researched - The Impact of Studying Abroad on Graduate Employability - Literature review Example As per this essay, the effects of studying abroad are put into consideration in terms of the outcomes that arise when it comes to the labour markets. Analysis of the current graduate labour market- general and specific Within the assignment, the examination of the current opportunities that graduates have as well as the trends that affect their employment chances such as the effects or the impacts that labor markets as well as the bearing of the factors that are externally in the influence of the career patterns and also how they affect the ethical as well as the cultural as well as the ethical issues in relation to the quality and efficiency of the work that the graduates produce. The use of relevant competencies as well as the professional standards affect the graduates that are applying as well as dealing with the pressures of employment after they obtain their documents of qualifications. According to Santiago (2008), the positive as well as the negative impacts of the evaluation of the graduates will in scrutiny in relation to the impacts that they face in the market. Past information shows that there was a great difference between the graduate and the non-graduate jobs. The university graduates either joined the graduate professionals joined their respective jobs that they were qualified for, or they were accepted in the schemes of management training with companies that were large as well as prestige. The graduate market as of the present times is more complex than it was some years back basing this on aspects such as; it is more complex in the sense that there is increased global competition as well as advances when it comes to the ever dynamic field of technology. The latter, therefore, means that the workforce that is needed as a result is more skilled as well experienced more than ever before. The results according to Taylor (1997), that have arisen as a result include the fact that occupations that in the past did not originally need a degree now ne ed one and the expansions of the higher education means that there is an increase in the number of people that are obtaining degrees, which as a result has led to the increase in competition of the public sector. ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT GRADUATE LABOUR MARKET Recent trends show that employees have increased in their recruitment on the basis of the skills that the graduates posses as well as the quality of their work and in many instances, more vital than the subject knowledge that one may have acquired through their degree. Although it is somewhat hard to define ‘graduate jobs’ in a pin-point manner, OECD, (1998), it is generally known that those graduates that obtain first class honors in their degrees tend to get jobs six months after they graduate. When it comes to the non graduate jobs, in many employment situations, the candidates are required to be in the possession of the relevant skills. An increase in the trend of university leavers to get graduate jobs shows t hat are non graduate and combine them with activities such as the work experience as well as voluntary work to boost their employment prognosis. Some of the options that the graduates are faced with after completion of their degree include a job in the degree subject that they have qualified, a job whereby they use